thesis

Impact de la riziculture et d'une opération de mise en place d'organisations paysannes sur la société Massa du Nord-Cameroun : une société segmentaire face au développement

Defense date:

Jan. 1, 1989

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Institution:

Tours

Disciplines:

Sociology

Authors:

Directors:

Abstract EN:

For more than thirty years, the massa population of northern cameroon has been benefiting by development plans to expand the rice growing, such as the one of the semry. The confrontation of two "civilizations", the first one, giving a greater place to technique and production, the second one based on tradition, divided into segements, led to the following deadlock: overproduction and strained social tensions together with a non mastered change in the traditional culture. Then, the reconciliation of these two ways of reasoning: the hydrofarming expert's and the massa farmer appeared to be essential. That is the reason why, from 1983 to 1986, the ccce (an economic cooperation fund) backed and carried out an experimentation on one of the semry's rice growing units. The four keys factors were: redistribution of land according to the customary settlements and lineages; making the farmers aware of their responsabilities towards the paddy growing and gathering; teaching them how to read and write as well as giving them a management training; inducing them to think about the community use of the income. The development of the farming structures takes little by little the place of the technical solutions of the semry.

Abstract FR:

Au nord cameroun, la societe massa beneficie de projets de developpement rizicoles depuis plus de 30 ans; ainsi, la semry, creee en 1971. La confrontation de deux "culture", l'une technicienne, privilegiant la production, l'autre traditionnelle, segmentaire et "acephale" a conduit a une impasse: surproduction, exasperation des tensions sociales liees a une acculturation mal maitrisee. La reconciliation des deux "rationalites" est de ce fait apparue indispensable; tel a ete l'objet d'une action experimentale financee par la ccce et menee de 1983 a 1986 sur un des casiers rizicoles de la semry. Redistribution des parcelles selon la logique residentielle et lignagere; responsabilisation des paysans dans la production et la collecte du paddy; alphabetisation et formation a la gestion en vunmasana; reflexion sur l'usage communautaire du revenu; tels en ont ete les elements-clefs. Ainsi, la "structuration paysannale" se substitue peu a peu au "technicisme" de l'institution de developpement. L'analyse des succes et des revers de l'experimentation conduit a confirmer des "regularites" et en enoncer de nouvelles, dans le cadre de ce que r. Bastide appelle l'anthropologie appliquee. Cependant, le probleme deontologique du changement social, oriente par un "agro-anthropologue" conduit a une reflexion sur la "vaccination sociale" tendant a legitimer une telle intervention exogene.