Etude de processus de socialisation : l'engagement syndical de militants des annees 80-90
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
IF THE SOCIAL SUBJECT "IS THE INDIVIDUAL BUILT UP THROUGH HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHERS, THROUGH THE INVENTION, THE CONFLICT SETTING AND ALIENATION OF SOCIAL LINKS" (J. BARUS-MICHEL, F. GIUST-DESPRAIRIES, 1993), THE TRADE-UNIONIST CAN BE SEEN AS AN INTERESTING EXAMPLE OF THOSE THREE TIMES OF ALL SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS ; IN PARTICULAR, ACTIVISTS PARTICIPATE TO THE CREATION OF A COLLECTIVE IDENTITY, A "WE", SET UP IN FRONT OF THE OPPOSANTS, THE BOSSES, "THEM", WHOM ARE FIGHTED AGAINST. SO THERE IS A CHANGE OF FRAME ANALYSIS APPLIED TO THE INVOLVED SITUATION OF INJUSTICE AND THE SETTING OF A COLLECTIVE IDENTITY (EXPRESSIVE AND INSTRUMENTAL ROLE OF LEADERS, RITUALS, NORMS AND IDEOLOGY strengthENING THE POSITIVE "WE" ; TOGETHER WITH A PROCESS OF SPLITTING BETWEEN THE "GOOD OBJECTS" AND THE "BAD OBJECTS") THROUGH THE CONFLIT WITH THE PREVAILING POWER. IN THE CASE OF MILITANT SOCIALIZATION, THOSE PROCESSES, "THOSE MODES OF CONNECTING AND LINKING OF PRESENT DETERMINERS" (J. BARUS-MICHEL, 1987) BY WHICH INDIVIDUALS APPROPRIATE NORMS, VALUES AND ROLES OF SOCIAL LIFE, CAN BE SEEN AS CAUSED BY WORKING-OFF MECHANISMS (MORE THAN ONES OF DEFENSE), SUCH AS IDENTIFICATIONS OR COUNTER-IDENTIFICATIONS WITH IMPORTANT FIGURES OF CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH (PARENTS,. . . ) OR OF MILITANT "ROUTE" (SUCH PARTICULAR TRADE-UNIONIST PLAYS THE ROLE OF MODEL OR OF REFERENT). BUT AT THE SAME TIME, LIVED INTERACTIONS INVOLVED MUTUAL RECOGNITION FROM OTHERS AND BY ONESELF ; BESIDES THERE IS A MUTUAL CHOICE BETWEEN THE NEW MILITANT AND THE TRADE-UNIONISTS OF WHOM HE BECAMES THE FELLOW TRAVELLER. SO A IDENTITY OF THE TRADE-UNIONIST WOULD BE CREATED IN WHICH THE "EGO IDEAL" WOULD BE MUCH INVOLVED AS PATTERN WITH WHICH THE SUBJECT TRIES TO COMPLY THROUGH HIS MAIN IDENTIFICATIONS. LAST, AMONG THIS POSSIBLE FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS, LET US QUOTE THIS ONE SUGGESTED BY J. PONTALIS CALLING INTO QUESTION HEGEMONY OF THE CONCEPT OF PROCESS, BECAUSE OF THESE EVENTS WHICH SEEM TO LEAVE "PERCEPTIBLE, ALTOUTH TINY, MARKS" (J. PONTALIS, 1997), EVEN THOUGH THEIR EFFECT MAY BE CONCLUSIVE IN SUCH FIELDS AS THE ONE WE ARE CONCERNED. ANALYSIS OF TWENTY-SIX INTERVIEWS (250 P. ), RECORDED ON TAPE, FROM TRADE-UNIONISTS OF HEALTH AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES SECTORS, ALLOWS US TO ILLUSTRATE AND QUALIFY THESE ARGUMENTS.
Abstract FR:
Si le sujet social "est l'individu dans : sa relation aux autres, dans l'invention, la conflictualisation et l'alienation du lien social" (j. Barus-michel, f. Giust-desprairies, 1993), le militant syndical est un exemple interessant de ces trois moments des relations sociales : en particulier, les militants contribuent a susciter une identite collective, un "nous" erige face aux adversaires, les chefs, "eux", que l'on combat. Il y a ainsi modification des cadres d'analyse appliques a la situation d'injustice concernee et formation d'une identite collective (role expressif et instrumental des leaders, rites, normes et ideologie renforcant le "nous" positif et processus de clivage entre les "bons objets" et les "mauvais objets") dans le conflit avec le pouvoir dominant. Dans le cas de la socialisation militante, ces processus, "ces modes de conjonction et d'enchainement des determinants presents" (j. Barus-michel, 1987) par lesquels les individus s'approprient les normes, les valeurs et roles de la vie en societe, relevent notamment de mecanismes de degagement (plutot que de defense) tels que les identifications ou contre-identifications aux figures importantes de l'enfance et de la jeunesse (parents,. . . ) ou du parcours militant (tel ou tel syndicaliste sert de referent, de modele). Mais en meme temps les interactions vecues entrainent de la reconnaissance mutuelle venant d'autrui et de soi-meme et un choix mutuel se fait entre le nouveau militant et les syndicalistes dont il devient le compagnon de route. Ainsi se creerait une identite de militant syndical dans laquelle "l'ideal du moi", comme modele auquel le sujet cherche a se conformer a travers ses identifications majeures, serait tres implique. Enfin, parmi les pistes d'approfondissement, citons celle suggeree par j. Pontalis questionnant l'hegemonie du concept de processus au nom de ces evenements qui, dans une vie, semblent laisser "des traces sensibles, souvent infimes" (j. Pontalis, 1997), alors que leur effet, dans des domaines tel que celui de notre recherche, peut etre decisif. L'analyse des vingt-six interviews (250 p. ), enregistrees aupres de militants syndicaux des secteurs de la sante et des collectivites locales, permet d'illustrer et de nuancer ces bases explicatives.