Portraits et pouvoirs. Analyse comparative des representations des chefs d'etat
Institution:
Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008)Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Beyond the image of a particular individual, the portrait of the man in power is made up of a definition of the power exercised by the model. This implies that the characteristics of these different portraits vary in relation to the different types of power exercised, and therefore one can determine a type of portrait, or ideal-type portrait, which corresponds to each of the political regimes (the cases of democracy, totalitarism and monarchy were examined). More precisely, the characteristics of the portraits of the western heads of state of the twentieth century are refered to three types of domination as defined by max weber : traditionnal domination, legal domination and charismatic domination. In these portraits, each type of domination is defined by a declension of the selectioned groups of signs. The portrait corresponding to one or the other of these political regimes combines the variations of each of these groups of signs, the way each political regime is the combination of elements relevant to these three types of power. As concentration of signs distributed in different categories, the portrait itself is the most capable sign to define the power exercised by the model, upto its most specific details.
Abstract FR:
Au-dela de l'image d'un individu particulier, le portrait de l'homme de pouvoir constitue une definition du pouvoir exerce par le modele. Ceci implique que les caracteristiques de ces portraits varient en fonction du type de pouvoir exerce, et donc que l'on peut determiner un type de portrait, ou un portrait ideal-typique, correspondant a chacun des regimes politiques (ont ete examines les cas de la democratie, du totalitarisme et de la monarchie). Les caracteristiques des portraits de chefs d'etat occidentaux du vingtieme siecle renvoient plus precisement aux trois types de domination, tels que les a defini max weber : la domination traditionnelle, la domination legale et la domination charismatique. Chacun des ensembles de signes consideres dans ces portraits peut se decliner en fonction de ces types de domination. Le portrait correspondant a l'un ou l'autre de ces regimes politiques combinera des variations de chacun de ces ensembles de signes, comme chaque regime politique est la combinaison d'elements relevant respectivement de ces trois types de domination. Concentration de signes relevant de categories differentes, le portrait est lui meme le signe le plus apte a definir le pouvoir exerce par le modele, jusque dans ses details les plus specifiques.