Les societes agro-pastorales des hauts-plateaux algeriens entre tradition et modernite : "les cooperatives et le developpement"
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Abstract EN:
The aim of this research is to try to find out explanatious to obstacles that are endangering success to development. This questioning on the necessity to introduce in the steppe new techniques is justified by the difficulties of the achievement of sheep breeding which is still carried on traditionally. Authorities attributed difficulties to a crowd of reasons, the most important of which is the nomadic existence. Those think that only nomadic life is responsible for under-productivity of sheep-breeding and that its suppression alone allows traditional and pastoral society to be acquainted with modernism. The aim of this modernisation is to get a better production of ovine-meat, wool, and skin. It offers the cattle and its titular conditions of living sedentarily pastoral villages which are programmed as part of country planning will received nomadic shepherds regrouped in cooperatives. The villages are conceived for modern sheep-breeding, rejecting any traditional method which doesn't obey to rationality. The research carried out in marhoum commune showed that nomadic shepherds showed refusal with regard to this innovation (technique). Therefore, refusal to accept the benefit of this innovation explains the check of this development operation.
Abstract FR:
La presente etude tente de fournir des explications aux blocages qui compromettent le succes d'une operation de developpement destinee a rationaliser la conduite de l'elevage. Cette "necessite" d'introduire dans la steppe de nouvelles techniques d'elevage est justifiee par les difficultes de realisation de la pratique d'elevage. Les pouvoirs publics ont attribue a ces difficultes une foule de raisons parmi les plus importantes figure la forme nomade. Ceux-ci pensent que le nomadisme est seul responsable de la sous-productivite de l'elevage et que seule sa suppression permet a la societe pastorale de s'ouvrir a la modernite. Cette tentative d'eliminer le nomadisme s'est traduite par la mise en place du systeme cooperatif qui se voit assigner la tache de modernisation de l'elevage. Le but de cette modernisation est de reunir les conditions de sedentarisation. Ce sont les villages pastoraux qui accueillerons les nomades cooperateurs. Au niveau des resultats, l'etude a montre que les destinataires du changement ont manifeste une reaction de refus a l'egard de la novation technique pour la bonne raison qu'elle ignore leur savoir ancien.