Abstract EN:

Social security protection requests more work since one never finished resolving social problems. The increase in healthcare expenditures does not rhyme necessarily with the quality of social security systems in OECD countries. However it is important to say that developed countries showed good results and made good progress compared to developing countries in regard social construction. The African system remains centered more on retirement than on other aspects of social security. Thus the passage from an exclusive system to a generalized system is a necessity. There is a link between a high level of social security protection and solidarity. The improvement of social security systems constitutes one of the major objectives of the battle against the merchandization of the social security in developed as well as in developing countries. In any case, it is necessary to recognize that if Europe (in this case France) is at this level, this is due to the fights of left forces and the unions. By lack of that, the African model will remain at the phase of what Tönnies calls the gemeinschaft. The gemeinschaft rhymes with the mechanical community solidarity. African systems have the imperious necessity to go from gemeinschaft to geselschaft. In other words, arrived to the organic solidarity of Tönnies, theses systems can adopt the contractualization of Rousseau. Togo for instance must not follow exactly the French process in all the details but its projections in this perspective can be done with the view in the rear mirror concerning traditional or historic solidarity. One wonders why the momentum of community solidarity is not so far contractualized