Competences citadines et experiences urbaines socio-logique de l'espace "clandestin" a tetouan (maroc)
Institution:
Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008)Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
We have considered, through this dissertation, the component elements of informal urban space ; ils spatial modes, urban stakes and the mechanisms underlined, that is to say : the stady of parallel landownership market characterized by appropriation practices and associated to the strategies of access to soil and to the lodgings, the social actors that made it distinct. We have based our reasoning on the study of the setting forth between exchange and uses in relation to the main concepts of trust, negociation and transaction. We have dealt, in this work, with the market as a social construction above all, stemmed from the working out of a "negotiated agreement. " we have been able to establish that the information network used by the families in order to know the conditions of the market are mainly familial and friendly ones. This network of relations based on family affinities reflects the methods of access to landownership market in which the acquisition of a plot of land is not only an individual act, but it involves organized groupings. This fact assured a socio-spatial integration. The inhabitants make proof of a trully control of the urban. We have considered these genres of living as the creative expression of the housing and the result of an amassing of early experiences and of spatial references. The sociability that emerge from our investigation is relative to the feeling of solidarity and mutual aid, of exchanges and sharings. The stake of this sociability is the common condition and the shared experience which structure every-day life in the neighborhood of unofficial lodgings. The new practices of space interlace, then, traditional preferences and new norms. Informal living, as a form and content vehicles an urban culture ; that is to say "an art of living in the city," a representational system through which a new way to see, feel and live in the city is read and diffused. In doing this, we recognize a certain aesthetico-architectural competence of the inhabitants which are subjected to taste. They are endowed with an ordinary aesthetical judgment. These judgments are related to a system of conventions crystallized in architectural and urban types. It is obvious in the daily social uses of the inhabitants. The informal space of dersa-samsa shows us the reation of a real "architectural place," which becomes singular by the addition of its unique
Abstract FR:
Dans cette recherche, nous avons examine les elements constitutifs de l'espace urbain clandestin, ses modes de spatialisation, les enjeux urbains et les mecanismes qui le sous-tendent, a savoir : l'etude du marche foncier parallele, caracterise par des pratiques d'appropriation associee a celle des strategies d'acces au sol et au logement, les acteurs sociaux qui l'animent et les pratiques urbaines qui le distinguent. Nous avons fonde notre raisonnement sur l'etude des articulations entre echange et usage, en relation avec les concepts centraux de confiance, negociation et transaction. Ce travail nous a conduit a traiter le marche comme construction sociale avant tout, issu de l'elaboration d'un "accord negocie". Nous avons pu etablir que les reseaux d'information utilises par les familles pour connaitre l'etat du marche sont principalement des reseaux familiaux et amicaux. Ces reseaux refletent les modes d'acces au marche foncier au sein duquel l'acquisition de la parcelle n'est pas simplement un acte individuel, mais implique des regroupements organises. Le lotissement clandestin assure ainsi une integration socio-spatiale. Les habitants font preuve d'une veritable maitrise de l'urbain. La sociabilite qui ressort de notre investigation est relative au sentiment de solidarite et d'entraide, d'echanges et de partages. L'enjeu de cette sociabilite est la condition commune et l'experience partagee qui structurent le quotidien des quartiers d'habitat clandestin. L'espace clandestin est complexe et heterogene dans sa typologie architecturale, ses mecanismes de production et les logiques sociales et les effets de composition des acteurs qui l'animent. Nous avons essaye, a travers une approche anthropologique du mode d'habiter populaire, de saisir ces modeles implicites qui regissent les regles subtiles qui gouvernent l'utilisation de l'espace domestique, l'espace public et semi-public. La specialisation de l'espace repose sur la volonte d'affirmer son individualite en suivant ses gouts et ses preferences personnelles et sur la recherche d'un droit au prive et d'un sentiment de realisation de soi. L'habitat clandestin, comme forme et contenu, vehicule une culture urbaine, c'est-a-dire un systeme de representation a travers lequel se lit et se diffuse une nouvelle maniere de voir, de sentir et d'habiter la ville. En faisant cela, nous reconnaissons une certaine com