thesis

Modernite et religiosites politiques en iran : 1960-80

Defense date:

Jan. 1, 1998

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Institution:

Paris, EHESS

Disciplines:

Abstract EN:

The secular religiosities were born in iran at the end of a secularization process which began with the formation of the modern state. To contexutalise them we start which a quick historical overview of the formation of the modern state in iran. In iranian society, and for the period that interests us (the years 1960-80), different religiosities could be classified in the following manner : (a) popular religiosity, (b) quietist religiosity, (c) instrumental religiousity, (d) ideological religiosity, (e) theologico-political religiosity. This classification does not imply that a clear-cut frontier in political, social and ritual domains separates all the different religiosities of this period. On the contrary, certain common themes and affinities can be discerned among the different categories. However, sometimes the divergences and the oppositions among them are so important that they have had significant effects on the politico-religious scene. In our study on the different religiosities, we have observed that there was an ambiguity concerning the relationship between the religious and the political on the one hand, and the ideological and the theological on the other. It would be difficult to know if ideology reduces religion to it, or theology which retrieves politics, or the lay which instrumentalises the religion etc. As long as the social imaginary does not allow us to differentiate the religious from the secular or the lay, the interference between the religious and political functions mainly at the level of the representation : the ideologue can be an intellectual in whom the ideology dominates the religion and the priest can be a theologian in whom the religion dominates the ideology.

Abstract FR:

Les religiosites seculieres sont nees d'un processus de secularisation qui a affecte l'iran depuis la formation de l'etat moderne. Il est necessaire, pour mieux situer l'emergence de ces religiosites, de faire un rapide survol historique de la formation de l'etat moderne en iran. Dans la societe iranienne et pour la periode qui nous interesse (les annees 1960-1980), les differentes religiosites pourraient etre classifiees de la maniere suivante: a. Religiosite populaire, b. Religiosite quietiste, c. Religiosite instrumentale d. Religiosite ideologique, e. Religiosite theologico-politique. Cette classification ne signifie pas qu'une frontiere infranchissable tres nette dans tous les domaines politiques, sociales et rituels, separe les differentes religiosites de cette periode. Au contraire, certaines thematiques et affinites peuvent etre decelees entre diverses categories, mais parfois les divergences et les oppositions sont si importantes qu'elles eurent des effets significatifs sur la scene politico-religieuse. Dans notre etude sur les differentes religiosites politiques, on a constate qu'il y avait une ambiguite sur les rapport entre le religieux, et le politique d'une part, et sur l'ideologique et le theologique d'autre part. Il serait difficile de savoir si c'est l'ideologie qui reduit a elle la religion, ou bien la theologie qui recupere la politique, ou le laique qui instrumentalise la religion, et etc. Tant que l'imaginaire social ne permet pas differencier le religieux et le seculier ou le laique, l'interference entre le religieux et le politique fonctionne principalement au niveux de la representation: l'ideologue peut etre un intellectuel chez qui l'ideologie domine la religion, et le clerc peut etre un theologien chez qui la religion domine l'ideologie.