Modalites de prehension et d analyse des indicateurs de liens entre science, technique et marche
Institution:
Paris, ENMPDisciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The aim of the thesis is to establish a method for describing the links between science, technology and the market. Practically, the thesis is based on two detailed case studies. The first one is the analysis of the domain of heating control devoted to energy savings in buidings. The second one concerns the domain of fuel cells from which a reduction of oil consumption in transportation is expected. The method proposed consists of a comparison between indicators elaborated by the actors within a domain. They use these indicators for mapping their actions and the connections between them. It is shown that the repertoires within which these indicators are designed express the nature of the problems posed in a domain. Beyond that, it is shown that the degree of coherence of the metrology defined by these indicators indicates the degree of convergence of the situations constituent of a domain. Finally, it is shown that the possibility of economic calculations depends on the equi valence between these indicators.
Abstract FR:
La these vise a etablir une demarche permettant de decrire les liens entre science , technique et marche. Concretement, elle s appuie sur l analyse de quelques actions menees dans le domaine de la gestion du chauffage d une part, dans le domaine des piles a combustibles d autre part. Ces actions sont destinees a faire economiser de l energie respectivement au secteur residentiel et tertiaire et a celui des transports. La demarche proposee consiste a comparer entre eux les indicateurs mis au point par les acteurs qui interviennent dans un domaine. Ces indicateurs leur servent a configurer les operations qu ils effectuent et les relations entre ces operations. On montre que les registres dans lesquels ces indicateurs sont exprimes informent sur la nature des problemes traites au sein d un domaine. Au dela, on montre que le degre de vonvergence des differentes situations constitutives d un domaine. On montre enfin dans quelle mesure la possibilite meme du calcul economique est suspendu a l equivalence entre ces indicateurs.