L'enfant et la guerre : quelle protection ?
Institution:
Paris 5Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
In view of our research, we have compared 3 groups of children : the first group consists of 30 children born in beirut and living there: the second consists of 14 children born in paris of lebanese parents, and the third consists of 14 children born in paris of french parents. The study of lebanese children has allowed us to find the following conclusions: what does traumatize children is separation from their parents or reactions of fear in their parents. We have noticed that parental fear reactions are especially traumatic for the children, when the parents try to protect the child by denying the facts of war and the dangers of it and by attempting to mask their own unhappiness and anxiety by pretending that "everything is fine". The child must then deal with his own resources to find out what is really going on and what are his own role and place in the upsetting events. In these situations, the therapeutic process led us to work with the parents and the child by trying to establish a story or a reconstruction of the trauma. The historicizations process requires the memory to work but it also requires sharing of reminiscences between mother and child.
Abstract FR:
Notre travail a consiste a comparer trois echantillons d'enants de 6 a 10 ans, 30 enfants nes et vivant au liban (ll), 14 enfants vivant a paris et nes en france de parents libanais migrants (lp), 14 enfants francais vivant a paris (pp), en appariant les enfants quant au milieu socioculturel, l'age et le sexe. L'echantillon ll a constitue l'objet central de notre recherche. Les echantillons lp et pp n'ont ete utilises que pour etablir quelques comparaisons. Nous avons montre a partir du materiel recueilli que le facteur protecteur reside dans la qualite du milieu familial, la capacite des parents de constituer un pare-excitation pour l'enfant, de parler avec lui les evenements traumatisants et de constituer une histoire. La catastrophe pour l'enfant n'est pas l'evenement exterieur, mais la maniere dont il a ete traite psychiquement, ce qui depend de la communion d'idees, d'images et de sentiments qui a pu se produire ou non entre l'enfant et ses parents. Les theorisations que nous avons abordees dans ce travail reprennent sous des angles differents la question du trauma en mettant l'accent sur les blessures faites au moi, qu'il s'agisse du moi des parents ou du moi de l'enfant, la fonction essentielle du moi consistant a exercer un role de pare-excitation et de liaison.