Abstract EN:

The techniques of speech analysis are result of the undermining and upheaval of psychology by psychoanalysis. These techniques, which constitute a process of objectivisation peculiar to psychology, realize the fundamental failure from which the responsibility of the subject with regard to its position is brought into question : thus psychoanalysis adheres to the sense coined by freud to describe its own action. By introducing the category of speech, as the use of language as a social bond,lacan situates the sense of this action within ethical thought ; in such a way that the operations it performs are based on logic and specified in a differential manner. Thus the results and procedures of speech analysis become clear. By looking at the difficulty involved in "locating" the ambiguity of the signifier we can measure the importance of interpretation within the framework of transference ; and by looking at the way in which biography hinders investigation we can evaluate the impact of the researcher's motivation. The various methods provide a "cover". What becomes of speech "hiccups" - the workings of the unconscious along with analytical speech, or the effects of the unconscious - depends on what becomes of fantasy, on what we can or cannot isolate from the enjoyment that it confers, notably by writing. Transmission is generated by a particular kind of speech : psycho- analysis makes this clear by situating meaning beyond the point where enjoyment represents a barrier and where truth acts as a causal factor. Three examples analysing speech acts illustrate the effects of this critical study : - going beyond apparently prevailing imaginary identifications, thomas demands and demonstrates the reality of an essential symbolic order. - raymond bears witness to the questioning of the position of the subject beyond the limits of biography : in this case, through a joining together of myth and fantasy. -in the case of theophile, resistance emerges in particular as an established fact of speech.