Strategies individuelles ou contraintes collectives. Approche psychologique et anthropologique de la migration des bassari (senegal oriental) a dakar
Institution:
Toulouse 2Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
This study deals with the bassari who migrate from a traditional and village oriented society (organized according the following structures: animis, self subsistence economy, clans, masks, age-grades, acephalous system of authority) to dakar (synonymn of urbanization, ethnic pluralism, islamization, westernization). This analysis is based on participating observation, interviews, rorschach projective tests, and investigates the psychological modes of adaptation of the bassari's person in the context of migration. This research reveals the form of acculturation and the means which are a priori at the disposal of the person in this situation, or are generated by it. This work rises the problem of the future of personal and cultural identity of the migrant. It analyses the specific way in which operates the psychology of individuals who move from a collective oriented culture to a more individualistic one. The dissertation looks at the ethnic representations and the system of interrelationships which are at stake in the group of migrants (family maintained, failure of association). On the whole it appears that anybody among the bassari don't migrate, and migration is an attempt to solve personal conflicts.
Abstract FR:
L'observation porte sur les bassari qui migrent d'une societe villageoise "traditionnelle" (animiste, en economie d'autosubsistance, clanique, a masques, a classes d'age, acephale. . ) vers dakar (urbanisee, pluriethnique islamisee, occidentalisee. . . ). Ce travail etudie, a partir de l'observation participante, d'entretiens, de passations de tests de rorschach, les modes psychologiques d'adaptation de la personne bassari en situation de migration. Il degage les formes d'acculturation et les moyens dont dispose a priori, ou que genere a posteriori, la personne en une telle position. Cette etude pose le probleme du devenir de l'identite personnelle et de l'identite culturelle. Elle analyse le fonctionnement psychologique specifique d'individus inseres originellement dans une culture a "vocation" collective et leur adaptation a un systeme individualiste, aboutissant a une "identite elargie". Le texte repere les representations ethniques, les enjeux interrelationnels dans le groupe de migrants, les manieres dont le pouvoir est redistribue, dont la famille est maintenue et l'echec a constituer une association. L'ensemble de la these montre que ne migre pas n'importe qui et que la migration est une tentative de resolution d'un conflit.