Methodologie de la recherche dans les recits de vie croises a partir de huit histoires de vie militants juifs communistes, 1920-1980
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
THE SUBJECT OF THIS THESIS ARE CROSSED LIFE HISTORIES OF A GROUP OF JEWISH COMMUNIST MILITANTS OF THE SAME GENERATION, DESCENDANTS OF IMMIGRANT FAMILIES FROM EASTERN EUROPE. ALL OF EIGHT NARRATORS ARE 16 TO 20 YEARS OLD IN 1940. IN THIS WORK THE FOLLOWING POINTS ARE CONSIDERED : 1 THE POSITION OF THE INTERVIEWER WITH RESPECT TO THE NARRATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTERVIEWER ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE TOLD BIOGRAPHIC STORY. 2 THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PROXIMITY BETWEEN THE INTERVIEWER AND NARRATOR ON THE INTERPRETATION AND THE LITERAL AND INDEXICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MATERIAL. 3 THE COMPARISON OF THREE DIFFERENT METHODS OF CONTENT ANALYSIS : A LONGITUDINAL CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BIOGRAPHIC STORY. B TRANSVERSAL CROSSED THEMATIC AND ANTHROPONOMIC ANALYSIS BY COMPARISON BETWEEN THE LIFE CYCLES OF NARRATORS, THEIR SOCIAL TRAJECTORIES, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR SOCIAL AND CULTURAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS. C TAXINOMIC ANALYSIS WITH THE HELP AN EXTENSIVE AND DENSE THEMATIC LOST OF 109 SUBJECTS, FOLLOWED BY THE APPLICATION OF CHI-SQUARE METHOD TO CALCULATE THE DISTANCES IN THE HYPERSPACE OF THEMES, BETWEEN THE NARRATORS, AND BETWEEN THE THEMES AND THE NARRATORS. AS A WORKING TOOL THE METHOD OF CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS (BENZECRI) HAS BEEN USED. THIS METHOD HAS BEEN SUPPLEMENTED BY THE HIERARCHICAL ASCENDING CLASSIFICATION AIMING AT DEFINING THE CLASSES OF THEMES AND INDIVIDUALS. AS A CONCLUSION THE WORK REVEALS THE COMPLEMENTARY ASPECTS OF DIFFERENT ANALYTIC METHODS AND POINTS OUT THEIR SPECIFIC strengthS : IN PARTICULAR, THE TRANSVERSAL CROSSED THEMATIC ANALYSIS PERMITS TO IDENTIFY ON ONE HAND THE COMMON ELEMENTS OF TRAJECTORIES, NORMES AND REPRESENTATIONS WITHIN THE STUDIED GROUP. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE IDIOSYNCRATIC CHARACTERISTICS ARE BEING WELL ESTABLISHED. THE TAXINOMIC ANALYSIS ALLOWS TO CLEARLY DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE SEMANTIC CONTENTS SPECIFIC TO INDIVIDUAL NARRATOR'S STATEMENTS AND THE COMMON SEMANTIC CONTENTS.
Abstract FR:
La recherche sur les histoires de vie croisees porte sur l'itineraire social et culturel de militants communistes juifs, issus de familles immigrees d'europe orientale. Les huit narrateurs ont entre 16 et 20 ans en 1940. Le travail considere les points suivants : 1 la position de l'interviewer face au narrateur et son influence sur la structure du recit. 2 l'impact de la proximite sociale et culturelle entre le chercheur et le narrateur sur l'analyse litterale ou indexicale du recit. 3 la comparaison de trois methodes d'analyses de contenu : a analyse longitudinale, clinique des recits de vie ; b analyse thematique croisee transversale et anthroponomique par comparaison des cycles de vie des narrateurs, de l'evolution de leurs trajectoires sociales et de leurs representations. C analyse taxinomique a partir de l'application d'une grille thematique de 109 variables et le calcul de distances entre themes et narrateurs. Cette methode emploie la metrique du khi-deux et l'analyse factorielle de correspondance. Elle est completee par l'utilisation de la classification hierarchique ascendante pour l'etablissement de classes de themes et de classes d'individus. La conclusion du travail aboutit a la complementarite des methode et de leurs apports specifiques. En particulier : l'analyse thematique transversale croisee permet de differencier d'une part les elements communs aux trajectoires, normes, representations du groupe etudie et du groupe de reference et d'autre part les caracteristiques idiosyncrasiques propres a chaque narrateur. - l'analyse taxinomique permet d'isoler les contenus semantiques specifiques aux enonces des narrateurs de leurs contenus semantiques communs.