La querelle de l'hystérie : la formation du discours psychopathologique en France (1881-1913)
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Abstract EN:
This dissertaion deals with the historical context and the scientifical arguments exchanged, at the end of charcot's life, and shortly after, among his students (especially babinski and janet), against their opponents (and first of all, bernheim). The question was to determine wether hysteria should be held as a neurological affection, a psychical disease , or a moral trouble. The point at stake, is to show out that the whole dispute constantly points at the problematic status of subjectivity in mental pathology. Therefore, janet's psychopathological theory belongs to a completly different epistemic field from ribot's "psychologie pathologique". In order to demonstrate this difference, a new methodological tool is being tried. It is called discursive analysis, and it implies the use of formal logics in the analysis of the main theses of the dispute's protagonists. The dissertaion includes a chronological bibliography of the main historical documents (420 entries), along with medical and cultural events related to neurosis theories, between 1870 and 1913. Index nominum available.
Abstract FR:
Cette these examine le contexte historique et les arguments scientifiques echanges a la fin de la vie de charcot, puis entre ses eleves (notamment babinski et janet) et leurs adversaires (surtout bernheim) pour determiner si l'hysterie etait une affection neurologique, une maladie du psychisme, ou un desordre moral. On s'efforce de demontrer que cette querelle tourne autour du statut de la subjectivite en pathologie mentale, et qu'a ce titre, la psychopathologie de janet releve d'une autre constellation epistemologique que la psychologie pathologique de ribot. Pour mettre ce fait en evidence, un outil methodologique original est mis en oeuvre, l'analyse discursive, qui implique en particulier une analyse logique formalisee des theses essentielles des protagonistes. La these comporte une chronologie bibliographique des principaux documents d'epoque (411 titres), ainsi que des evenements medicaux ou culturels relatifs a la theorie des nevroses, couvrant la periode 1870-1973, et un index nominum.