thesis

L'enfant et les psychanalystes : une mise à l'épreuve de la théorie freudienne

Defense date:

Jan. 1, 1995

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Institution:

Paris 13

Disciplines:

Psychology

Authors:

Directors:

Abstract EN:

This work describes how the confrontation of psychoanalysts with the child has changed technical analysis as well as the anlytical theory. Historically, the secificities of this new field have allowed a technical and a conceptual adaptation of the freudian aproach ; in order to demonstrate this fact, the works of various praticioners - concerning children or adults - have been connected. Four samples of this evolution have been studied. - the new kind of relation between the speech and the "acting" during the cure. The expressions of the child while acting, the widening of the therapist's interventions modify the traditional analytical attitude. M. Klein, s. Ferenczi and a. Freud illustrate this debate. - the clinical analysis pertaining to the child has strengthened the concept of "object relation". Thus, there has been an evolution from the freudian intrapsychic view to intersubjectivity in the cure. M. Balint's work illustrates this change. - psychoanalytical temporality is questioned : present and past are taking a greater place in the child's cure. Diatkine, dolto and m. Klein give different replies to this difficulty of working with past and history in child's treatment. - psychosis and autism of the child confirm the need to modify the analytical attitude and the importance of the setting of the therapeutic situation. Winnicott, m. Klein, m. Mahler are good examples. Considerations on the setting of the child's analysis, on its relation to the institutions and to culture end this work.

Abstract FR:

Ce travail montre comment la confrontation des psychanalystes avec l'enfant a renouvele la clinique et la theorie analytique. La singularite de ce nouveau champ a permis, historiquement, une adaptation technique et conceptuelle de l'approche freudienne ; pour le demontrer, des oeuvres de praticiens, analystes d'enfant ou d'adultes ont ete mises en rapport. Quatre "indicateurs" de ces changements ont ete etudies : - la relation nouvelle entre la parole et l'" agir " dans la cure. Les expressions agies de l'enfant, comme l'elargissement des interventions du therapeute, inflechissent l'attitude analytique classique. M. Klein, s. Ferenczi et a. Freud illustrent ce debat. - la clinique infantile a renforce la notion de " relation d'objet ". On passe ainsi d'une conception de l'intrapsychique freudien a une pensee de l'intersubjectivite dans la cure. L'oeuvre de m. Balint temoigne de ce carrefour. - la temporalite anlytique est interrogee : le present et le passe sont majores dans la cure de l'enfant. Diatkine, dolto et m. Klein representent des reponses a cette difficulte de travailler le passe et l'histoire dans la cure de l'enfant. - les psychoses infantiles et l'autisme confirment les modifications necessaires de l'attitude analytique et l'importance du cadre de la situation therapeutique. Winnicott, m. Klein, m. Mahler en sont des exemples. Une reflexion sur le cadre de l'analyse d'enfant et sa relation aux institutions et a la culture clot ce travail.