L'analyse structurale des actions et ses aspects psycho-sociaux
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Abstract EN:
This work, inspired by the phenomenological approach to actions developed by abraham moles in "theories des actes" (1977), is based upon the structural hypothesis according to which actions can be broken down into smaller units assembled according to particular rules, to a plurality of interloching levels hierarchically. After the study of various theories and methods treating action, criteria of segmentation of the "stream of behavior" are proposed as well as a method of structural analysis of implications, at a specified order of destance, and their representation on a praxeogramme, according to a mode of reason related to the sequential measurement and to the probabilities of markovian transitions. The empirical data are gathered from real actions as well as novelised action in "strangers on a train" by p. Highsmith. Two levels are identified : the praxemic level and the operations level. The units of the latter are formed by the application of several praxemes to an object (trace tool). The difference between tractical and evoked operations leads to some propositions concerning the notion of project. A theory on time schedule is outlined and illustrated with examples. Inferrences are drawn demonstrating the participation of praxiology in the construction of social behavior.
Abstract FR:
S'inspirant de l'approche phenomenologique des actes developpee par abraham moles dans "theorie des actes" (1977), ce travail repose sur l'hypothese structuraliste selon laquelle les actions sont decomposables en unites plus petites assemblees selon certaines lois, a une pluralite de niveaux s'emboitant hierarchiquement. Apres l'expose de diverses theories et methodes relatives a l'action, sont proposes des criteres de segmentation du "flux comportemental", une methode d'analyse structurale des implications, a distance specifiee, et leur representation sur un praxeogramme, selon un mode de raisonnement proche de la mesure sequentielle et des probabilites de transition markoviennes. Les donnees empiriques sont tirees d'actions reelles ainsi que d'une action ramancee, "l'inconnu du nord-express" de p. Highsmith. Deux niveaux sont obtenus. Le premier est appele niveau praxemique. Le second est celui des operations, unites formees par l'application de certains praxemes a un objet (trace et inbstrument). La distinction entre operations tactiques et operations evoquees conduit a des propositions sur la notion de projet. Une theorie de l'emploi du temps est esquissee et illustree par quelques exemples. De ces analyses sont inferees de nombreuses propositions de nature psycho-sociale tendant a montrer en quoi la dimension praxeologique participe a la construction des relations interindividuelles.