La psychologie genetique de piaget et le paradigme d'auto-organisation de prigogine
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Montpellier 3Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
The considerable work of plaget reflects the wide range and multidimensional complexity of developmental psychology which studies the genesis and evolution of the structures and functions of intelligence. But beyond or within this multidimensional complexity, peculiar to the human sciences, new horizons of complexity are opening which reach as far as the reputedly most exacting and determinist sciences such as mechanics (for example chaos and fractals). Notably in thermodynamics, whose laws govern the brain, i. Prigogine (nobel chemistry prize 1977) began a real conceptual revolution with his work on the selforganization of the "dissipative structures". This is a fundamental epistemological advance towards the understanding of the general problem of the genesis of structures and affects in particular the study of the development of cognitive structures. Piaget could not ignore the importance of this theory and in the final years of his life he engaged an impassioned debate with prigogine. We set out to confront the piagetian paradigm of the equilibration of cognitive structures with prigogine's paradigm of gine's paradigm of self-organization. Following this changing paradigm leads us to reconsider piagetian developmental psychology in its continuity between the biological and the cognitive. The main contribution of the paradigm of self-organization appeared to us to be the role of random fluctuations within the neurocognitive system (progogine, changeux, morin) and the entropy production of the brain which is related to the dissipative processes centered there. Theses two random sources of development, innovation and creativity that we localize in the unconscious were ignored by piaget. They are the primary sources of the growth of knowledge and play the leading creative role in the processes involved in the development of thought.
Abstract FR:
L'oeuvre considerable de piaget est a la mesure de l'etendue, de la complexite multidimensionnelle de l'objet de la psychologie genetique : le developpement, la genese des fonctions et structures de l'intelligence. Mais au-dela ou en deca de cette complexite multidimensionnelle, propre aux sciences humaines, s'ouvrent aujourd'hui de nouveaux horizons de complexite, jusque dans les sciences reputees les plus exactes, les pluis deterministes comme la mecanique (par exemple le chaos, les fractals). En thermodynamique notamment, aux lois de laquelle est soumis le cerveau, 1. Prigogine (nobel de chimie 1977) a entame une veritable revolution conceptuelle avec ses travaux sur l'auto-organisation des "structures dissipatives". Une avancee epistemologique fondamentale vers la comprehension du probleme general de la genese des structures, appelees a se repercuter sur celui particulier de la genese des structures cognitives. Son importance n'echappa pas a piaget qui entretint dans les dernieres annees de sa vie un passionnant debat avec prigogine. Nous nous sommes attache a confronter le paradigme piagetien de l'equilibration des structures cognitives au paradigme d'auto-organisation de prigogine. Ce changement de paradigme invite a reconsiderer la psychologie genetique piagetienne dans sa continuite entre le biologique et le cognitif. Le principal apport du paradigme de l'auto-organisation nous est apparu etre le role des fluctuations aleatoires internes au systeme neuro-cognitif (prigogine, j. P. Changeux, e. Morin), ainsi que la production d'entropie du cerveau liee aux processus dissipatifs dont il est le siege (prigogine). Deux sources "aleatoires" d'emergence, de nouveaute, de creativite ignorees de piaget, que nous localisons dans l'inconscient. Sources premieres de l'accroissement des connaissances. Role premier de la creativite dans les processus d'emergence de la pensee.