thesis

De l'ethnocentrisme à la structure des explications : contribution à l'étude des processus d'attribution au niveau des relations entre groupes

Defense date:

Jan. 1, 1991

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Institution:

Toulouse 2

Disciplines:

Directors:

Abstract EN:

The processes of attribution are investifgated in an actual situation of two opposing groups and on the basis of actual actions' explanations. The hypotheses concerned the display of ethocentrism and the relative weightof intergroup relations in the processus of explanation, i. E. The relationships between the actor and the action. The complementarity of the methods of measurement (scales and free esponses) is shown as is the necessity to consider the content, the signifiance and the structure of explanations as well as the locus of causality (internal external). Under these conditions the display of ethnocentrism demonstrates the preponderant role of intergroup relations and the secondary nature of action type. But the approach of explanations, evaluations, belief sustems and social representations in everyday life, suppose to pay attention to content as well as attributional structure. So we search to congitive forms - causal or explanatory - and their structures in terms of proportions, distributions ans position of causes and reasons in explanations. Litterature about those differents problems is examined and discussed

Abstract FR:

On examine les mecanismes de l'attribution en situation reelle de face-a-face intergroupes et sur la base de l'explication d7actions reelles. Les hypotheses concernant la manifestation de l'ethnocentrisme et le poids relatif, dans les operations explicatives, des relations intergroupes. C'est-a-dire des realtions a l'acteur, et de l'action. On montre la complementarite de deux instruments d'analyse (echelles et reponses libres) et la necessite de considerer, outre le lieu de causalite (interne externe) le contenu, la connotation et la structure des explications. Sous ces conditions, on met en evidence des manifestations de l'ethnocentrisme qui marquent l'influence preponderante des relations intergroupes et le role secondaire du type d'action. Mais l'approche des explications, evaluations, systemes de croyances, representations sociales dans la vie quotidienne, suppose de s'interesser egalement au contenu autant qu'a la structure des attributions. Pour ce faire, on s'interesse aux formes "congitives" - explicatives ou causales - et a la structure de celles-ci en termes de proportions, distribution et position des causes et des raisons dans les explications. La litterature concernant ces differents problemes est examinee et discutee.