Le groupe opératif dans la formation universitaire du psychologue clinicien
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Abstract EN:
Report and discussion of a pedagogical experiment conducted during a period of over twenty years at the psychology departments of several latin-american universities and, from 1976 on, at the autonomous national university of mexico. The training experiments of clinical psychologists were carried out within groups coordinated according to enrique pichon riviere's guidelines on "operational groups", that is, the apprehension of a task through observation of the emotional commitment of group members. The specific task of these groups was learning the clinical method, according to fernando ulloa's design, which proposes the "insight", achieved through the development of counter-transference, as the central axe of clinical learning and training. The author considers that universities do not supply future clinical psychologists with the necessary tools for a serious professional practice. They are left, consequently, in a position of weakness, oscillating between two impossible identities: that of the psychiatrist and that of the psychoanalyst, it is possible, according to the author, to draw a profile of a specific role: that of the clinical psychologist, different from the other two, and whose main identity axe would be the use of the clinical method. Concepts by w. Bion and r. Kaes are included in the theoretical framework. The author proposes that learning experiments like these be included in psychology schools.
Abstract FR:
Ce travail relate et argumente une experience pedagogique conduite pendant plus de vingt ans dans les departements de psychologie de plusieurs universites latino-americaines et, a partir de 1976, dans le departement de psychologie de l'universite autonome de mexico. Ces experiences de formation on ete conduites a l'interieur de groupes coordonnes selon les lineaments d'enrique pichon riviere sur les "groupes operatifs": l'apprentissage d'une tache a travers l'examen de l'engagement emotionnel des membres du groupe vis a vis de celle-ci. La tache de ces groups consistait dans l'apprentissage de la methode clinique, conformement au dispositif de fernando ulloa, lequel propose l("insight", obtenu grace a l'elaboration du contre-transfert, comme axe central de la formation clinique. L'auteur soutient que l'universite ne procure pas aux futurs psychologues cliniciens les instruments necessaires a une exercice serieux de leur profession, d'ou la position de faiblesse et l'oscillation entre deux identites impossibles: celle du psychiatre et celle du psychanalyste. Il est possible - soutient l'auteur- de tracer les contours d'un role specifique: celui du psychologue clinicien, different des precedents, ou l'axe central de son identite serait l'utilisation de la methode clinique. L'auteur integreau cadre theorique certains concepts de w. Bion et de r. Kaes, et propose que soient repetees dans les institutions d'enseignement superieur de psychologie des experiences d'apprentissage analogues a celles qui sont ici decrites.