L'usage des modeles systemiques en psychotherapie. Pretentions et limites
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
The present day development of a "systemic" way of thinking has brought many practicians in clinical psychology to be diverted from what were until now considered unavoidable methods and techniques thus drastically, changing the legitimacy of longstanding theoretical references (freudien psychoanalysis, behavioural and humanistic approaches). However one way ask what remains of the pretentions of this new trend perhaps too rapidly declared a sustemic paradigm and a revolutionnary one at that as soon as its constitutive ambiguities become apparent. The analysis of the epistemological, theoretical, technical and ethical limits of these models, stemming as much from the pragmatic approach to communication (by the palo-alto group) as from the pragmatic of the transactionnal approach of e. Berne, shows how the systemic perspective (beyond the confusion that it maintains about what really characterises the systemic thought process) draws many of its effects, from its readiners to model itself according to leading contemporany ideology. Systemic models, very far in this respect from that complex thinking which they worship, are naturally inscribed in our new psychological culture where they accentuate the stakes and risks already perceptible in the uncontrolled diffusion
Abstract FR:
Le developpement actuel d'un mode de penser "systemisue" amene bon nombre de praticiens de la psychologie clinique a se detourner ouvertement de certaines des methodologies et techniques d'intervention jusqu'ici incontournables, bouleversant du meme coup la legitimite des referents theoriques etablis (psychanalyse freudienne, aproches comportementalistes ou humanistes, etc. . . ). Que reste-t-il pourtant de ce courant, qui s'auto-proclame d'ailleurs trop rapidement "paradigme systemique", qui plus est "revolutionnaire", des lors qu'il apparait dans ses ambiguites constitutives ? l'analyse des limites epistemologiques, theoriques, techniques et ethiques des modeles issus tant de la tragmatique de la communication (ecole de palo-alto) que de celle promue par l'analyse transactionnelle (e. Berne) montre comment la perspective systemique, par dela le confusionisme entretenu autour de ce qui conctitue reellement la pensee systemique, tire une grande partie de ses effets de sa dispositions a se modeler dans et sur l'ideologie dominante contemporaine. Les modeles systemiques (fort eloignes en cela de cette pensee de la complexite qu'ils venerent) s'inscrivent en effet "naturellement" dans notre nouvelle culture psychologique, accentuant encore les enjeux et les risques deja perceptibles dans la diffusion incontrolee des idees psychanalytiques.