Semantique recurrente dans les langues semitiques et actualisation experimentale
Institution:
Paris 7Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Some words are loaded with a cluster of significations, which nature is often comparative and analogical. The cluster structure seems stable and the significations, recurrent. This feature is especially noticeable in sacred semitical languages as arabic, hebrew and syriac, which have been fossilized for many centuries, although being still "alive". The studies of their sociohistorical environment, then of their linguistical properties, show the presence of a remarquably intra- and interidiomal stable subset, much of it composed of semantical domains that favour the clusters. These we may, from now on, call synsemes (syn-, seme). A sociopsychological mecanism could be the generator as well as the maintaining support of this stable bulk. As so, it would be possible to make it appear experimentally. The experimental work we propose aims at tracking this mecanism, using the theoritical concept of emprise, and learning as an investigation method, following an examinal-type protocol. Its goal was to measure the didactic impregnation (or imprint) of the code on the subjects, hypothetically deduced from their acquisition rate and memory preferences. A study of aesthetical appreciation has been added, and seems to corroborate anterior works of the team, addressing the aesthetical behaviours of subjects considered as "assieged".
Abstract FR:
Les conjonctions de significations portees par certains vocables sont souvent de nature comparative analogique et presentent une structure stable et recurrente. Elles sont particulierement remarquables dans les langues semitiques sacrees (arabe; hebreu; syriaque), qui ont ete fossilisees depuis de nombreux siecles, sans pour autant etre mortes. L'etude du contexte sociohistorique puis des caracteristiques linguistiques de ces idiomes montrent qu'un sous-ensemble essentiellement compose de domaines semantiques favorisant ces conjonctions qui seront desormais appelees synsemes (syn- seme), semble se degager en tant que foyer de stabilite elevee, intra- et interidiomale. Il devait exister un mecanisme sociopsychologique susceptible d'engendrer et de maintenir ce foyer de stabilite. Si tel etait le cas, il serait possible de le deceler experimentale- ment. La mise en oeuvre experimentale realisee propose un travail de depistage de ce mecanisme, selon les concepts theoriques de l'emprise, et adoptant comme moyen d'investigation l'apprentissage de vocables selon un protocole de type examinal. L'objectif en etait une mesure de la pregnance didactique chez les individus, supposee decelee par le taux d'acquisition et par les preferences memorielles des sujets. Une etude de l'appreciation esthetique est venue, en outre, appuyer des travaux anterieurs de l'equipe sur les conduites des individus en cette matiere, consideres en "etat-de-siege".