La question de l'être dans la psychose comme trouble de la faculté de juger
Institution:
Paris 8Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The faculty of judgment is the hallmark of good sense. It is a natural talent which cannot be learned but which is constantly in action, in the spontaneous act of thought. The expression of judgments consists of joining together ideas of a separate nature, i. E. Non-homogeneous a priori, e. G. A perceptible data item (intuitive or empirical) and an intelligible concept; and more generally a subject and a predicate. Since the convergence is arbitrary, its quality with regard to the truth hangs on a representation (conscious or not), the formalization of which can be seen to offer validity only if syllogistic. Endorsement of a judgment involves confirmation of the pertinence of an enunciation, either using empirical data, or via the sanction of other judgments. But since no judgment is in itself the sole repository of absolute truth, it is their serial linkage which fulfils this goal, provided that the order in which they are arranged complies with a standard formalization, syllogism. The construction of syllogism therefore depends upon the ability to classify notions, but their classification in time, a skill based in the final analysis on this capacity specific to the thought process, involves indexing the progression of its representation over the order of time. Individual ability to apply the confirmation process dependent upon healthy thought is merely the faculty of indexing one's own progression over the order of time. The difficulty arises from the fact that the order of time is not directly accessible to us, but only by analogy with other data. Our hypothesis is that the confirmation process may be defective as a result of its inadequate alignment (conscious or not) with the order of time. This defect allows deviation of the spontaneous thought process, to the extent of separating objects of senses and formal conditions of perception (the case of hallucinations), or allowing the deployment of any process whatsoever establishing these same objects (the case of discordance). Objects of thought then appear to be mutually corroborative without having been validated, as shown by deranged beliefs, convictions and interpretations. Clinically, disorders of judgment account for the chief signs of schizophrenia : hallucinations and discordance between thoughts, interpretations and delirium.
Abstract FR:
L'activite de pensee comprend un processus, l'entendement, un facteur regulateur qui borne le pensable, la raison, et un art, celui d'ajuster la pensee a la chose, c'est le jugement. L'experience consciente ou inconsciente, mais libre et continue (dans le temps) de cette activite tendue vers l'etre, produit des objets et pilote une pratique. Elle s'accomplit au sein de cette substance individuelle et incommunicable, mais spatialement etendue (dans l'espace) qu'est la personne. Meme si l'efficience intellectuelle des personnes atteintes de schizophrenie est diminuee, les schizophrenes ne sont ni diminues ni confus ; ni leur entendement ni leur raison ne sont directement touches. La forme des pensees qu'ils produisent reste unitaire et communicable au moyen d'enonces syntaxiquement corrects. De fait, la symptomatologie qui se manifeste dans la schizophrenie peut se comprendre comme l'effet d'un trouble du jugement, et tres exactement, d'une diminution de l'aptitude a elaborer l'etape verificatrice necessaire a valider tout jugement au regard de ce qui est. Configurer cette etape revient a imprimer un ordre a l'activite de pensee, ordre qui doit etre indexe sur la direction d'ecoulement du temps, orientation qui est seulement supposee puisqu'aucune personne humaine n'y est directement sensible et que nous construisons tacitement par simple analogie. La condition de l'emploi utile du pouvoir de juger tient pourtant a la qualite du lien entre l'activite de pensee et le sens du temps oriente. Selon l'hypothese proposee, l'insuffisance de ce lien pourrait s'averer responsable d'une derive de l'activite de pensee dont l'expression clinique est la psychose schizophrenique. Une epreuve originale a permis de constater objectivement cette insuffisance dans un groupe de schizophrenes compare a un groupe temoin.