thesis

Identite des groupes communautaires au liban. Image de soi et de l'autre, stereotypes et prejuges

Defense date:

Jan. 1, 1997

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Institution:

Paris 7

Disciplines:

Psychology

Authors:

Directors:

Abstract EN:

Following a presentation of various theoretical approaches to social identity and an overview of the history of six religious communities in lebanon, we proposed that religious persuasion constitutes a central and highly salient social identiy. We asked our subjects to express their images of we and they at three levels of categorization : national (lebanese), religious (muslim/christian) and religious persuasion (maronite, druze, orthodox, sunni, shiite, and catholic). We observed maximum differentiation between we and they at the national level, where the we and they reflected, respectively, the religious ingroup and outgroup. Meanwhile the least differentiation was observed at the religious persuasion level, where subjects were apparently trying to project an image of a cohesive and homogeneous group. Paradoxically, both christian and muslim subjects show a tendency to view sectarianism, fanatism, and religious fundamentalism as negative elements pertaining to they.

Abstract FR:

Apres avoir expose diverses approches theoriques concernant l'identite sociale et un apercu de l'histoire de six differentes communautes religieuses au liban, nous avons propose que l'appartenance confessionnelle constitue une identite sociale centrale et saillante. Nous avons sollicite nos sujets a exprimer leurs images de nous et de eux a trois niveaux de categorisation : national (libanais), religieux (chretiens/muesulmans) et confessionnel (maronites, orthodoxes, druzes, catholiques, sunnites, chiites). Le maximum de differenciation entre nous et eux est observe au niveau national, ou le nous et eux sont devenus, respectivement, l'ingroup et l'outgroup religieux, tandis que le minimum de differenciation est observe au niveau confessionnel, ou apparemment les sujets essaient d'exprimer une image d'un groupe confessionnel homogene et cohesif. Paradoxalement, les sujets, chretiens et musulmans, manifestent une tendance a voir le confessionnalisme, le fanatisme et l'integrisme religieux, comme etant un element negatif de division et a l'attribuer a l'autre.