Déterminants organisationnels et psychosociaux, activité de travail et santé psychique au travail
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Abstract EN:
The operator/subject's health has been considered as early as the beginning of the ergonomical psychology where ergonomy is one of the fundamental criteria in research and intervention. For a long time, the ergonomical and psychological analysis about work was based on a defensive idea of the health - no illness since fifteen years, due to certain epidemiological results and theoretical evolutions the psychic and social dimensions of the activity have been taken into consideration. Through the influence of the stress theory of the psychodynamic at work, they stated out their human model and their problematic of the health at work : the operator takes part in the edification of his own health which is at once no illness, well - being and accomplishment of himself. The relation between work nd health cannot be only explained through the direct effects of pressure at work. The operator, subject in action, "clever" and "concerned", "subjective" and "full of ambivalence" is engaged in the work condition with his own story, aim and technology. The duality between these personal characteristics and those of the organization will become a positive fact for his health or on the contrary generate compromises resulting solely from the demands of efficiency endangering his physical, psychic and mental integrity. The understanding of this duality, its origin, development and issues goes through the activity analysis at work so. It will be possible to point out the role of the operator/subject in the regulation of the system and in the edification of his health - performance and health are not solely dependant of the objective reality. They are also a function of the operator's way of thinking and living the situation, and thus a function of the subjective reality. So it appears necessary to find some methodological connectors between the different approaches to finally propose an explanatory model of stress and psychic suffering at work.
Abstract FR:
La sante de l'operateur-sujet a ete proposee des les debuts de la psychologie ergonomique et de l'ergonomie comme un des criteres preponderants des recherches et des interventions. Longtemps ancrees a une conception defensive de la sante - absence de maladie - les analyses ergonomique et psychologique du travail ont depuis une quinzaine d'annees connu des evolutions epistemologiques et theoriques qui leur ont permis de prendre en compte les dimensions psychiques et sociales de l'activite. Cela faisant et grace a l'influence theorique des theories du stress et de la psychodynamique du travail, elles ont precise leur modele de l'homme et leur problematique de la sante au travail : l'operateur participe a la construction de sante qui est a la fois absence de maladie, bien-etre et accomplissement de soi. La relation entre le travail et la sante ne peut etre expliquee seulement par les effets directs des contraintes subies pendant le travail. L'operateur, sujet en action, "intelligent" et "competent", "subjectif" et "plein d'ambivalences" est engage dans la situation de travail avec son histoire, sa personnalite, ses propres objectifs. Face a lui le systeme, l'organisation, avec son histoire, ses objectifs, ses technologies. La confrontation entre ses caracteristiques et celles de l'organisation va se reveler positive pour sa sante ou au contraire generera des compromis guides exclusivement par les exigences d'efficacite et mettant en peril son integrite physique, psychique, mentale. La comprehension de cette confrontation, de sa genese, de son deroulement, de ses issues, passe par l'analyse de l'activite au travail qui permet de cerner le role de l'operateur-sujet dans la regulation du systeme et la construction de sa sante. La performance et la sante ne sont pas exclusivement tributaires de la realite objective. Elles dependent aussi de la facon dont l'operateur "pense" et "vit" sa situation, autrement dit de la realite subjective. Il apparait donc necessaire de rechercher des articulations methodologiques entre les differentes approches pour arriver a proposer un modele explicatif du stress et de la souffrance psychique au travail.