thesis

Le droit et la mort : le principe républicain de liberté funéraire à l'épreuve du temps

Defense date:

Jan. 1, 1989

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Institution:

Montpellier 1

Disciplines:

Authors:

Directors:

Abstract EN:

Does the funeral law allow french people to determine and enact their choice of funeral freely? in the first, instance, the reply to the question can only be positive. The republican principle of liberty transfered to the rites of death which historically governs funeral legislation against clerical oppression, guarantes to frenchmen, through the mediation of a monopolistic communal organisation, the right to a grave and funeral rites. Tre initial favourable impression, shared by a great number of people is indermined by the underlying ideology of funeral organization. In effect, the dual quest for equality and liberty in death has generated a system where by attitudes towards death have been chanelled into an overarching uniformity. Paradoxically, equality in death which has prevailed over liberty, encourages, in a hyper individualistic society, the contemporary denial of death. The monopoly held by local administration curbs the right to choose funeral rites and there by threatens the very existence of our society through a denial of the reality of death and the resulting taboo. Against suc equalitarian oppression, the abolition of the civil monopolies seems desirable.

Abstract FR:

Le droit funerairepermet-il aux francais dedeterminer et de concretiser librement leurs choix funeraires ? a priori, la reponse a cette question ne peut etre qu affirmative. Le principe republicain de liberte funeraire, qui gouverne historiquement la legislation funeraire contre l oppression clericale, garantit aux francais, par l intermediaire d une organisation communale monopolistique, le droit a la tombe et la liberte des funerailles. Cette premiere impression favorable, qui semble partagee par le plus grand nombre, se trouve infirmee par l etude du contenu ideologique de ce principe et des consequences de l organisation funeraire qu il induit. En effet, la recherche simultanee de l egalite et de la liberte sepulcrales a genere un systeme d organisation du traitement des morts qui canalise les attitudes funeraires dans des cadres reducteurs et uniformisateurs. L egalitarisme funeraire, qui l a emporte sur la liberte, favorise, dans une societe hyper-individualiste, le developpement du deni contemporain de mort. Les monopoles communaux brident donc la liberte funeraire et menacent l existence de notre societe en la figeant dans la mort taboue. Contre l oppression egalitaire, l abolition de ces monopoles semble souhaitable.