L'armée en Iran sous le régime de la dynastie Pahlavi
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Abstract EN:
Observers, political analysts, and historians, wether foreigners or iranians have great difficulty to understand the attitudes of the events which leaded in 1979 to the fall of the system of mohammad reza pahlavi. Indeed, this later, has been, to some extent, trapped by his dreams of greatness, which did not only leaded him to squande the national wealths in a programe of armement - (30 to 40% of the national bu - dget) and exceeding by for the needs and the technical means of the country -but also deprived him from the power to determine by him- self his own strategy. Resulted from that ,from one side,the integra- tion of the iranian army with that of the united states,and from other side, the massive presence of the americans instructers and military counels in iran. Add to that the important number of conscripts (75% of the to- tal force) have their multiple attachments e. G religions, ethnics and regionals, which have had its impact over the attitude of the army during the crisis. (. . . )
Abstract FR:
Les observateurs, les politologues et les historiens tant etrangers qu'iraniens ont eu du mal a comprendre l'attitude de l'armee iranienne et celle de washington lors des evevements qui ont entraine en 1979, la chute du regime imperial en la personne de mohammad reza pahlavi. Ce dernier, certes, a ete quelque peu piege par ses reves de grandeur qui non seulement l'ont conduit a dilapider les richesses nationales dans un programme d'armement (30 a 40% du budget national) qui a depasse largement les besoins et les moyens techniques du pays, mais egalement, ils l'ont prive du pouvoir de determiner luimeme sa propre strategie et ce du fait, d'une part de l'integration des forces armees iraniennes a celles des etats-unis et d'autre part, a la forte presence des instructeurs et les conseillers militaires americains en iran. Outre ceux-ci; le nombre important de conscrit (75% environ de l'effectif militaire iranien), dont l'appartenance a la societe militaire se doublait d'autres attaches multiples et fortes a des ensembles divers, par exemple ethniques, religieux, regionaux, a eu un impact certain sur l'attitude de l'armee pendant la c