Les partis politiques et les élections en Thai͏̈lande après la Révolution des étudiants en 1973
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Abstract EN:
The october revolution of university students in thailand had put marshall thanom kittikchon and his clique out of power. The thai people expected to see then a democratic government and a new constitution with the able respresentative political parties. During the past decades, these parties became a kind of pressure group, looking for their own interests. Meanwhile, three main forces have proven that after this event, they still control the political situation in the country : the king, the armed forces and the thai-chinese capitalists. Fortunately, these forces become the most solid foundation in the establishment of democracy in thailand where people's attachment for their traditional institutions is still anchored deeply. The recent succesful economic development and political stability in prem's governenment (1980-1988) confirm that thailand has been ready to apply the democracy in the right way-with the support of the three mentioned powers which will be able to motivate the political parties to be the real ones. This study case is probably a unique example of a constitutional monarchy that really succeed in bringing democracy to such a developing country which is now the most important balance of power in south-east asia.
Abstract FR:
La revolution des etudiants d'octobre 1973 qui a mis fin au gouvernement autoritaire du marechal thanom kittikachon, a donne au peuple thai l'espoir d'avoir desormais un regime democratique avec des partis politiques susceptibles d'assumer le role important de representants du peuple. Au cours de la decennie suivante, les multiples partis issus de six elections legislatives lutterent incessamment les uns contre les autres afin de participer aux coalitions gouvernementales. Depourvus de veritables programmes politiques et d'organisations durables, ces partis, souvent tirailles et divises par des querelles internes, fonctionnerent davantage comme groupes de pression evoluant autour des trois axes politiques fondamentaux du pays : le roi, l'armee et le pouvoir economique des chinois en thailande. De 1973 a nos jours, ces trois forces interdependantes ont domine de facon constante la vie politique de pays a telle enseigne qu'elles apparaissent actuellement comme les bases solides indispensables a l'instauration d'un veritable regime democratique.