Udf : naissance et organisation d'un regroupement de partis
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Lille 2Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
Founded on february 1st 1978 the union pour la democratie francaise (udf) goes beyond the concept of electoral cartel it has long been associated with. In the 1978 general election did play a part in gathering the non gaullist members of the right with majority the creation of udf was the outcome of other strategies. The specificity and impact of the political institutions of the fifth republic and more particularity the prominent role played by the president within the political system made it necessary to set up a structure that was meant to be the presidential party valery giscard d'estaing needed to achieve his goals. Morever the clash of interests that was prevailing at the time betxeen gaullist and no gaullist members of the right wing majority made it vidal to build up close cooperation between the most active supporters of the incumbent president. That is why the parti republicain, the centre des democrates sociaux (cds) and the parti radical soon joined by the parti social-democrate as well as clubs perspectives et realites set up a common structure: udf. However while setting up a new structure based on already existing political parties, with each of them anxious to keep its individual policies, the founders of udf implemented a particular kind of organisation. Although quickly identified as a political party of the traditional type by the public, the udf was organised on the basis of granting a vital role to each individual political body that make it up. Since that time it has mainly functionned as a body whose policy was to safeguard the particular interest of each member party at the expense of really common comprehensive policy. Permanent difficulties underlying any decision making clearly showed the clash between a concerted effort of a whole body devoted to maximize the electoral and political impact of the party and the individualistic stategy devised by each member party; the result of which was to limit the udf's political effiency. As they stuck to traditional political policies the various member parties maintained the original ideological and political splits that existed among the various parties of the confederation prior to the creation of the udf.
Abstract FR:
Creee le 1er fevrier 1978, l'union pour la democratie francaise depasse le simple cadre du cartel electoral qui lui a longtemps ete attribue. Si les elections legislatives de 1978 ont effectivement influe sur le regroupement des non gaullistes de la majorite, la naissance de l'udf repond egalement a d'autres logiques. L'impact des institutions de la veme republique, et plus particulierement de la place occupee par le president de la republique au sein du systeme politique, a rendu necessaire la formation de ce qui etait appele a devenir le parti du president dont valery giscard d'estaing avait besoin pour son action. De plus, les relations conflictuelles qui existaient a l'epoque entre gaullistes et non-gaullistes au sein de la majorite rendaient importante l'hypothese d'une cooperation forte entre les soutiens les plus actifs du president en place. Des lors, le parti republicain, le centre des democrates sociaux et le parti radical, vite rejoints par le parti social-democrate et les clubs perspectives et realites, ont mis en place une structure commune: l'udf. En creant une nouvelle formation sur la base de partis politiques preexistants qui tenaient a garder une autonomie fonctionnelle, les fondateurs de l'udf ont mis en place une organisation de type particulier. Rapidement identifiee comme un parti politique de type classique par l'opinion, l'udf s'est avant tout organisee sur la base d'une place centrale accordee a ses differentes composantes. Des lors, son fonctionnement a tourne autour de la defense des interets propres a chacun des partis membres et ce au detriment d'une logique veritablement commune. Les difficultes endemiques a la prise de decision illustrent parfaitement les antagonismes existant entre le developpement d'un fonctionnement unitaire de l'ensemble ayant vocation a optimiser l'impact politique et electoral de cette formation et une logique individualiste etablie par chaque composante dont l'effet a limite l'efficacite politique de l'udf. Le ayant vocation a optimiser l'impact politique et electoral de cette formation et une logique individualiste etablie par chaque composante dont l'effet a limite l'efficacite politique de l'udf.