Vertitudes : comparaison du militantisme vert en France et en Grande-Bretagne
Institution:
Aix-Marseille 3Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Green parties are related to the new social movements and they take part in the transtormation of patterns of political participation. They evolve in close interaction with the institutions and the political contingency. However, as they are situated on the margins of the political system, they have developed their own subculture. Mobilisation in the green movement is an extreme and paradoxical from of political involvement although it is also influenced by the national political culture. Green activists feel concerned and challenged by social problems. They are convinced not only that they have the right and the duty to participate but also that they can usefully and personnally contribute to the political debate. Their mobilisation demonstrates the crucial role played by social networks. What french and british green activists perceive as greenness contrasts sharply with the academic discourse but nevertheless influences strongly their attitudes and behaviours. Most of them believe that greenness involves the adoption of a green lifestyle and a strict consistency between one's thoughts and acts. Critical of other political parties, they have created organisations based on participative democracy. They are committed to egalitarianism. Conviviality is an arm for a sustainable society. It is used as a selective incentive for members by groups with little ressources. Green activists combine traditional forms of political action with the repertoires of new social movements. To abide by their ideals they have to behave as professionals while at the same time remaining amateurs
Abstract FR:
Les partis verts s'apparentent aux nouveaux mouvements sociaux et participent de la transformation des formes de la participation politique. Ils se developpent en interdependance avec les institutions et la conjoncture mais leur position marginale favorise le deploiement d'une sous-culture autonome. La mobilisation ecologiste est une dimension extreme et paradoxale, de l'engagement politique defini par la culture nationale. Les militants verts se sentent personnellement interpelles par les problemes de societe et sont convaincus que leurs competences legitiment leur intervention dans les processus politiques. Leur engagement revele l'importance des reseaux de sociabilite dans la decision de se mobiliser et dans la prise de conscience ecologiste. Des visions du monde des militants francais et anglais, qui se distinguent des elaborations savantes, inspirent le passage a l'acte autant qu'elles le justifient a posteriori. Etre vert est synonyme de vivre vertement, demontrer la coherence entre ses attitudes et ses conduites. Faire de la politique n'a de sens pour eux que si leur pratique est differente de celle des autres partis. Leurs structures partisanes sont fondees sur un ideal de democratie participative en depit des contraintes posees par le systeme politique. La convivialite, ciment de groupes que leurs maigres ressources materielles privent de retributions selectives, est aussi un objectif. Les verts multiplient les formes de participation en associant les repertoires des nouveaux mouvements sociaux aux modes plus traditionnels d'action partisane. Ils affrontent le paradoxe de devoir se conduire aussi expertement que des professionnels tout en conservant jalousement leur statut d'amateurs