La place de l'Amérique latine dans la politique étrangère de l'Espagne : 1976-1992
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Abstract EN:
As a state member of nato and of the european union, spain considers that latin america represents a traditional priority in its foreign policy. The spanish democratic regime will renew the myth of the priviledged relationships between the former metropolis and its overseas territories. Spain credits itself with an "iberian-american orientation", perfecting its integration to the eastern establishment. As a representant of the spanish identity, the king invites to realize the "iberian-american community of nations". On this basis, the successive governments have tried to increase their influence towards more powerful states. With its latin-american policy, spain can detach from the united states (cuba, centramerican crisis, evolution of the latin-american democracy, iberian-american conferences with the heads of state and government). Furthermore, the spanish induce their partners of the european union to commit the themselves more strongly on the way to wamer economic and political relationships and to cooperation with latin america. The spanish cooperation discloses a latin-american priority. Its development has to balance the weakness of the commercial and financial exchanges between spain and latin-american states. Since the european integration implies to harmonize the cooperation policies, the vth centenary of christopher columbusw' journey has enable to strengthen the financial and legal means. In order to prove the modernity of the traditional orientation of spain, year 1992 has been presented as a promise cf a new eldorado.
Abstract FR:
Etat membre de l'otan et de l'union europeenne, l'espagne affirme que l'amerique latine constitue une priorite traditionnelle de sa politique exterieure. Le regime democratique espagnol va renouveler le mythe des relations privilegiees entre l'ex-metropole et ses anciens territoires d'outre-mer. L'espagne s'attribue une "vocation iberoamericaine" qui complete son integration aux institutions occidentales. Representant l'identite espagnole, le roi appelle a realiser la "communaute iberoamericaine des nations". Sur ce fondement, les gouvernements successifs tentent d'elargir leur capacite d'action face a des etats de plus grande puissance. Par la politique latino-americaine, l'espagne se demarque des etats unis (cuba, crise centramericaine, evolution de la democratie outre atlantique, conferences iberoamericaines des chefs d'etat et de gouvernement). Par ailleurs les espagnols pressent leurs partenaires de l'union europeenne de s'engager plus fermement dans la voie du rapprochement politique, economique et de cooperation vis-a-vis de l'amerique latine. La cooperation de l'espagne affiche une priorite latino-americaine. Son developpement doit compenser la faiblesse des echanges commerciaux et financiers entre l'espagne et les etats d'amerique latine. Alors que l'integration europeenne implique une harmonisation des politiques de cooperation, le veme centenaire du voyage de christophe colomb a permis d'intensifier les moyens et les instruments mis en oeuvre. Visant a demontrer la modernite de la vocation traditionnelle de l'espagne, 1992 a ete presente comme la promesse d'un nouvel eldorado.