La suppression des services publics en droit public français : recherche sur un critère
Institution:
Bordeaux 4Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
In france, the withdrawal of public services has never been adequately examined, even though admittedly public service is one of the most studied areas of french public law. This study aims to identify a suitable criteria for the withdrawal of public services while defining, justifying and setting limits to such withdrawls. The discontinuation of a public service can mean either the absolute cessation of a service or the loss of its public characteristics through becoming a private activity. However, it is different to the privitization or modification of a public service. Justifying the withdrawal of a public service involves firstly looking at public interest, since the parallels between the financial interest of the administration and the public interest, as well as the decline of state domination due to private sector initiatives affect this withdrawal of public services. In addition, the principle of adaptability is used by the public authorities as reason for cutbacks to certain public services. Nowadays, the freedom of trade and industry is an insufficient basis for such cutbacks. However, application of the law of competition to public services under the influence of european community law could possibly lead us closer to a better justification. When fixing the boundaries to any cutbacks we must first study the constitution as a limiting factor. Also user's rights constitute a limit to cutbacks but, in practice they have insufficient legal means to oppose them. On the other hand, state planning laws form a partial restriction by limiting cutbacks to public services concerning disadvantaged areas. In conclusion we consider that a criteria for the withdrawal of public services can be established in french public law bearing in mind these key elements.
Abstract FR:
Notre etude a pour ambition de rechercher les elements d'un critere de suppression des services publics sans pretendre constituer un + traite de suppression des services publics. Nous abordons cette recherche de critere a travers la definition les justifications et les limites de la suppression des services publics. La suppression d'un service public signifie soit la disparition de l'activite de ce service du monde reel, soit la perte de son caractere de service public en devenant une activite privee ordinaire. Elle est differente de la privatisation et de l'amenagement d'un service public. S'agissant des justifications de la suppression, nous citons d'abord l'interet general puisque le rapprochement de l'interet financier de l'administration et de l'interet general ainsi que le recul de l'emprise de l'etat sur l'interet general au benefice de l'initiative privee envisagent une telle suppression. Ensuite, le principe de mutabilite des services publics est utilise par les autorites publiques comme instrument pour supprimer certains services publics toutefois, la liberte du commerce et de l'industrie ne constitue qu'une justification derisoire a l'heure actuelle. Mais l'application du droit d la concurrence aux services publics sous l'influence notamment du droit communautaire pourrait nous amener prochainement vers une eventuelle justification partielle. Quant aux limites a la suppression, la constitution, tant en interdisant la suppression des services publics constitutionnels qu'en delimitant la suppression des autres services publics, merite d'etre mentionnee premierement en second lieu, les droits de l'usager des services publics constituent theoriquement une limite a une telle suppression. Cependant en pratique ce premier possede peu de moyens juridiques pour s'opposer a cette suppression enfin, l'amenagement du territoire forme une limite partielle a la suppression en question, en ne contournant celle-ci que dans les zones defavorisees.