Abstract EN:

Modern political tradition owes a lot to legal individualism which is the foundation of our democratic institutions and present liberties. However, liberal democracy is prompted from its origins by a profound ambiguity that is based on a tension between two principles; the first is civil (liberal constitutionalism and fundamental rights), the second, civic (effective participation of citizens to the creation and the exercise of political power). But, we attend today the dissolution of that link. If, some factors, as economic globalization or development of biotechnology play a big part in this evolution, it is important to emphasize the function strictly juridical of the process, particularly through the phenomenon of "juridicisation" that affects all fields of social sphere. For the aim of individual independence lies nowadays on critics from individual rights against these institutions. In that context, the concept of subject of law could bring some clarifications about relations between notions like man, individual, or person.