La question chypriote : approche et perspectives juridiques
Institution:
Paris 11Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The council of europe has recently agreed to admit cyprus to the european union, while the internal cypriot question remains unsolved. This study analyses this delicate problem, taking into consideration historical, sociological and geostrategic factors, underlining the role of law to resolve such an international conflict. In fact, the origin of the cypriot problem refers to law. Thus, its solution remains legal, based on constitutional and international public law. The cypriot entity was created artificially by the english, in 1960. Three years after, in 1963, when arch. Makarios proposed a project to amend the constitution of 1960, a conflict erupted between the two principal cypriot communities, the greeks and the turcs. In 1974, a coup was organized against arch. Makarios, instigated by the greek junta. Applying the treaty of guarantee, which is part of the cypriot constitutional block, turkey intervened military in cyprus. The republic is put into question and the island is now divided in two. In 1983, the turkish cypriots proclaimed the independence of their zone, giving birth to the turkish republic of northern cyprus. International steps were taken, under the un auspices, to set up talks between the divided cypriots. The united states and the european union are trying to find a solution to this problem. Will the solutions proposed in this study, inspired by the will of both cypriot communities and by the positions of the united nations, the united states and the european union, help cyprus recover its stability and allow her to be a member of the european union? will france be able to reason with the european union and prevent him from adopting only a partial position towards this problem, in helping the cypriots? only the future will tell us if this challenge will be taken.
Abstract FR:
Le conseil europeen vient d'admettre l'adhesion de chypre a l'union europeenne, bien que le probleme chypriote interne ne soit pas encore regle. Ces travaux analysent cette question delicate en s'appuyant sur des facteurs historiques, sociologiques et geo-politiques. L'accent est principalement mis sur les aspects juridiques en demontrant les causes et la nature juridique de ce conflit avant de proposer des solutions fondees tant sur le droit international public que sur le droit constitutionnel. En effet, l'entite chypriote a recemment ete creee par les britanniques, en 1960. Trois ans plus tard, a l'occasion d'un projet d'amendements constitutionnels, le conflit eclate entre les deux principales communautes chypriotes, grecque et turque. Lors d'une tentative de coup d'etat contre mgr. Makarios, en 1974, la turquie intervient militairement conformement a un traite (le traite de garantie) qui fait partie du bloc constitutionnel et met en cause la republique. Chypre est divisee en deux. En 1983, les turcs chypriotes proclament l'autodetermination de leur zone. Les demarches internationales s'intensifient pour lancer le dialogue entre les chypriotes. D'abord, celles de l'onu qui est saisie de ce conflit depuis 1963, ensuite celles des etats-unis dont le role est important a chypre, mais aussi de l'union europeenne. Les solutions proposees dans ces travaux, qui se veulent la synthese des differentes demarches tant internes qu'internationales, permettront-elles a chypre de retrouver sa stabilite et assurer ainsi son adhesion a l'union europeenne? la france est-elle a meme de remedier aux eventuelles imprudences de l'union europeenne, en l'empechant d'adopter une attitude partiale dans l'affaire chypriote? l'avenir nous dira si ce challenge peut etre tenu.