Les obstacles non tarifaires dans les relations commerciales entre pays en developpement
Institution:
Paris 5Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
The protectionism remains an bostacle to the expansion of international commercial exchanges. Even it uruguay round recent negociations have been the most important ones in the history of international trade, it could be a mistake to think they blocked the process. The countries fertile imagination is always on the look out for new and intricate means of protection. These appear in the shape of tariff and non tariff measures. The commercial barriers of this last category are well known for their multiform and accuit characters. Broadly speaking, the exchanges restricting measures find their origine in various texts of countries internal legislations. But they could also follow from voluntary restraint agreements of regional agreements whose restrictive effects are directed against the trade of third countries. The south-south exchanges, often occulted by the north-south stream of exchange, are not exempt of protectionism. So, despite many agreements settled between developing countires, their mutual trade remains the weakest link in the chain of international exchanges (its share is about 7%). Development necessities, economical restraints and even political reasons pushed them to apply massively restrictive measures.
Abstract FR:
Le protectionnisme demeure un frein a l'enpension des echanges commerciaux internationaux. Meme si les recentes negaciations de l'uruguay round ont ete les plus importantes dans l'histoire du commerce mondial, il serait une erreur de croire que cellesci ont totalement indigue le phenomene. L'imagination fertile des etats est toujours a la recherche de nouveaux et complexes moyens de protection. Ceux-ci se presentent sous la forme des mesures tarifaires et non tarifaires. Les barrieres commerciales de cette derniere categorie sont reconnues pour leurs caracteres occulte et multiforme. D'une facon generale les mesures limitatives des echanges trouvent leur origine dans divers textes de legislation interne des etats. Mais elles peuvent aussi decouler des accords dits de restriction volontaire ou encore des arrangements regionaux dont les effets restrictifs sont subis par le commerce des pays tiers. Les echanges sud-sud, souvent occultes par le courant nord-sud, ne sont pas exemptes du protectionnisme. Ainsi en depit de nombreux accords conclus entre les pays en developpement, leur commerce mutuel demeure le maillon le plus faible des echanges mondiaux (sa part est de 7% environ). Les necessites du developpement etles contraintes economiques, voire des raisons politiques, les ont souvent incites a plliquer massivement des mesures restrictives.