La Banque mondiale et le financement du développement industriel au Maroc
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Abstract EN:
It is essentially by means of loan agreements with its underdeveloped member countries that world bank can achieve its policy of aid to development. The statement and performance proceedings of those loan agreements are not only formal. They are the very expressions of the world bank inderdevelopment development conceptions. Applying those conceptions to the industrial sector of a single member country, morocco in this case, implies a precise strategy : privatization of the institutions of industrial intervention, support and protection of the private local and foreign industrial capital, important extroversion of industry and thus of the moroccan economy. A concrete investigation reveals that the industrial strategy advocated by world bank in morocco comes up against limits which are not only economical and financial (world bank refusal to finance a heavy industry, promotion of light export industries, industrialization by way of indebting. . . ),but also political and social, (problem of ingerence, state sovereignty, restricting effects of the enforcement of the structural adjustement plan on impoverished classes). So, beyond juridical and financial modes of loan agreements- wich cons- titute the very basis of world bank intervention this survey tries to analyze the relations of domination and dependence existing between world bank and its underdeveloped member countries. In fact, those relations are nothing but the reflection of the relationships existing between industrialized countries and underdeveloped countries.
Abstract FR:
C'est essentiellement par des accords de pret conclus avec ses pays membres "sous-developpes" que la banque mondiale realise sa politique "d'aide"au developpement. Les procedures de conclusion et d'execution de ces accords de prets ne sont pas seulement formelles. Elles sont l'expression meme des conceptions de sousdeveloppement developpement de la banque mondiale. L'application de ces conceptions au secteur industriel d'un seul pays membre en l'occurrence le maroc, passe par une strategie bien determinee: privatisation des institutions d'intervention industrielle, encouragement et protection du capital industriel prive local et etranger, extraversion poussee de l'industrie et partant, de l'economie marocaine. L'investigation concrete montre que la strategie industrielle pronee par la banque mondiale au maroc se heurte a des limites non seulement d'ordre economique et financiere (refus de la banque mondiale de financer une industrie lourde, et, promotion des industries legeres d'exportation, industrialisation par endettement etc. . . ) mais aussi d'ordre politique et sociale (probleme d'ingerence, de souverainete etatique, effets contraignants sur les classes demunies de l'application du plan "d'ajustement structurel". Donc, au dela des modalites juridiques et financieres des accords de pretqui sont la base meme des interventions de la banque mondiale- cette etude s'at- tache a analyser les relations de domination dependance qui existent entre la banque mondiale et ses pays membres "sous-developpes". Ces relations ne sont, en derniere instance, que le reflet des rapports existant entre les pays industria- lises et les pays "sous developpes".