La mise en place du dispositif de lutte contre la corruption et les fraudes dans les marchés publics
Institution:
Paris 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
According to the report of the commission for the prevention of corruption, public procurement is one of the most 'sensitive' areas. The public authorities, responsible for transposing community directives and at the same time reassuring public opinion shocked by legal issues connected to the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns, have reacted by creating two inter-ministerial bodies commissioned as an overall mission to oversee dealings within the public purchasing sector and verify abidance of new regulations concerning advertising and fair competition (the central department for the prevention of corruption and the inter-ministerial investigative mission into public procurement and agreements of public service delegations). Moreover, the necessity of transparency associated with the absolute requirements concerning competition, enjoins the setting up of machinery capable of sanctioning the fraudulent conduct of those responsible for public sector orders : the 'pre-contract jurisdiction for urgent matters' is a preventative measure, the 'offence of favouritism' one which deals with repression. Actually these innovations in conjunction with standard controls strengthened for the purpose, and involving the co-ordination of public services and judicial framework, reveal a policy of attrition against fraud and corruption in the sector of public procurement comprising therefore an internal action of censor: the investigative mission safeguards impartiality, the general government magistrate the legality and the financial magistrate the exactitude, in a role independent from that of the magistrate dealing with repression. Firstly the two components concerning prevention and repression are set out ( the safeguard structures and the modes of enforcing the sanctions respectively) as contained in the framework, before assessing the situation of the way the safeguards work. And as a consequence allowing suggestions of improvement concerning the way in which the system works to be put forward, as well as the simplification or the strengthening of the easting regulations which do not pretend to be the unique drastic remedy in use to stem the contagion, take away relish for 'easy money' associated with the public purchase sector, and save it from the temptation of treating friends with partiality for want of imposing the observance of a code of good condu
Abstract FR:
Selon le rapport de la commission de prevention de la corruption, la passation des marches publics constituerait un des domaines "privilegies" de la corruption. Tenus a la fois de transposer les directives communautaires et de rassurer l'opinion choquee par les "affaires" liees au financement des partis politiques et des campagnes electorales, les pouvoirs publics ont reagi et cree deux organismes interministeriels (le service central de prevention de la corruption et la mission interministerielle d'enquete sur les marches publics et les conventions de delegation de service public) qu'ils ont charges d'une mission generale de surveillance des activites des acheteurs publics et de controle du respect des nouvelles regles de publicite et de mise en concurrence. En outre, l'exigence de transparence liee a l'imperatif de concurrence impose la mise en oeuvre de mecanismes tendant a sanctionner le comportement frauduleux des responsables de la commande publique : le "refere precontractuel" repond a une logique de prevention, le "delit de favoritisme" a une logique de repression. En realite, ces innovations associees aux controles traditionnels renforces a cet effet, impliquant coordination des administrations publiques et de l'organisation judiciaire, font apparaitre un dispositif de lutte contre la fraude et la corruption dans le secteur des marches publics, comprenant ainsi ses propres censeurs : la mission d'enquete controle l'impartialite, le juge administratif la legalite et le juge financier la regularite, independamment du role du juge repressif. Il s'agit donc, d'abord de presenter les deux volets preventif (les structures de controle) et repressif (les modalites d'application des sanctions) du dispositif, avant de dresser un bilan du fonctionnement des controles, permettant ainsi de suggerer des hypotheses d'amelioration des mecanismes, la simplification ou le renforcement des regles existantes ne se presentant pas comme le seul remede energique pour enrayer la contagion, enlever aux acheteurs publics le gout pour "l'argent facile" et les delivrer de la tentation de favoriser leurs amis, faute de leur imposer l'observance des preceptes d'un veritable "code de bonne conduite" sous peine de severes sanctions administratives et civiles. Le culte de la vertu et la defense de l'etat de droit paraissent devoir constituer les meilleurs traitements de choc et de