L' Administration centrale en France, en Grande-Bretagne et en Corée du Sud : étude comparée
Institution:
Paris 2Disciplines:
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Abstract EN:
A comparative study on the central administrations could depend upon both model of convergence and model of relations system. The south korean welfare model is to innovate, whereas the french or english neo-model to maintain the statusquo. At a cultural level, the french administrative model inherit from the ancient roman model of hierarchic power and from the service model of general interest as well, while the south korean model inherit from the confucian family culture of paternal power and of maternal service. The british model is in favour of the generalists against the technocrats. At a structural and functional level, the south korean administrative system is a close structure in comparison with the french relatively open system or the english recently opened structure. Besides, either korean or british system is short of several french type institutions : there is no system of "grandes ecoles", nor "grands corps", nor ministerial cabinet, nor tight control system. And yet, even the french systems have some problems : social mobility, democratization of high civil servants, etc. . . On the other hand, either korean vice-minister or british permanent secretary contribute towards the assurance of the coordination within the ministry. Finally, the politization of the high administration is a general phenomen: monolithism of political side and administrative side in korea, rising osmose between politics and administration under the fifth french republic. Even in england, the traditional neutrality of high civil servant has been called recently in question with the introduction of the open structure system. Black or white, a good central administration is that which could assure the people of the greatest happiness, increasing the social welfare.
Abstract FR:
Une etude comparative administrative reposerait sur les modeles de convergence et de systeme de relations. Le modele de providence administratif sud-coreen est d'innover, tandis que le modele neo-liberal de types francais et britannique de maintenir le statu-quo. Au niveau de culture, le modele administratif francais est l'heritier a la fois du modele romain de pouvoir hierarchique et de celui de service de l'interet general, tandis que celui sud-coreen de culture de famillisme confucianiste de pouvoir paternel et service maternel. Et celui britannique a une tendance culturelle en faveur de generalistes contre techniciens. Au niveau de structure fonctionnelle, le systeme de haute administration sud-coreen demeure une structure fermee par rapport a celle relativement ouverte francaise et celle recemment ouverte britannique. D'ailleurs, les systemes sud-coreen et britannique manquent de plusieurs institutions a la francaise : non pas systeme de grandes ecoles, ni grands corps, ni cabinet ministeriel, ni systeme de controle tres institutionnalise. Et pourtant, les institutions francaises reservent a elles-memes quelques problemes de mobilite sociale, democratisation du systeme de haute administration, etc. . . D'autre part, le systeme de vice-ministre sud-coreen ou celui de "permanent secretary" britannique contribue a l'assurance de la coordination au sein de chaque ministere. Enfin, la politisation de la haute administration parait etre un phenomene general : un monolithisme des deux spheres politique et administratif en coree du sud, une osmose croissante entre politique et administration sous la ve republique de la france. Meme en grande-bretagne, sa tradition de neutralite du "civil service" a ete mise en cause recemment avec l'introduction du systeme de "open structure". Noire ou blanche, une bonne administration centrale est celle qui assure le plus grand bonheur du peuple en augmentant le bien-etre administratif.