La Cour constitutionnelle italienne et la résolution des conflits de normes : la rationalisation des rapports normatifs
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Abstract EN:
The research consists in testing validity of "negative legislator" theorical model, which characterizes the action of juridictions in charge of control of laws conformity with constitution in the context of concentrated control of laws constitutionality. This theory describes methods of resolution of conflicts between juridical norms by constitutional judges who intervene in "negative" way, ablative, on controled norms. The french system proves to be not adapted to lead this verification as a result of a priori case submission to constitutional council, and because techniques of control are less developed than in other constitutional democracies. The research directs towards italy where the competence of constitutional judge principally concerns, as in france, the control of laws constitutionality, and where the constitutional judge exercices an a posteriori control by the way of exception. The study of normative interventions of italian constitutional court, practised in accordance with experimental method applied to social sciences, demonstrates that it realizes rationalization of normative relations in order to protect coherence of juridical order. Italian constitutional judges modify in "positive" way the content of controled norms. The normative creation also directs, by way of interpretation, towards norms which are concerned by conformity rapports used to determine constitutional legality of controled acts. All the facts collected bring about invalidation of "negative legislator" theory, and corroborate another theorical model of "derivative legislator". It describesinterventions of constitutional judges, successives to legislator ones, without, for all that, characterizing a function similar to parliament one.
Abstract FR:
La recherche entreprise vise a tester la validite du modele theorique du "legislateur negatif", qui caracterise l'action des juridictions chargees d'assurer le controle de conformite des lois a la constitution dans le cadre du controle concentre de constitutionnalite des lois. Cette theorie decrit les modalites de resolution des conflits entre normes juridiques par les juges constitutionnels qui interviennent de maniere "negative", ablative, sur les normes controlees. Le systeme francais se revele inadapte pour mener cette verification, du fait de la saisine a priori du conseil constitutionnel, et en raison des techniques de controle moins developpees que dans les autres democraties constitutionnelles. La recherche porte sur l'italie ou la competence du juge constitutionnel concerne principalement, comme en france, le controle de constitutionnalite des lois, et ou la juridiction constitutionnelle exerce un controle a posteriori par voie d'exception. L'etude des interventions normatives de la cour constitutionnelle italienne, conduite selon la methode experimentale appliquee aux sciences sociales, demontre qu'elle assure la rationalisation des relations normatives afin de preserver la coherence de l'ordre juridique. Les juges constitutionnels italiens modifient de maniere "positive" le contenu des normes controlees. La creation normative porte egalement, par voie d'interpretatio, sur les normes qui sont concernees par le rapport de conformite utilise pour determiner la legalite constitutionnelle des actes controles. L'ensemble des donnees recueillies conduit a invalider la theorie du "legislateur negatif", et corrobore un autre modele theorique, celui du "legislateur derive". Il decrit les interventions du juge constitutionnel, successives a celles du legislateur, qui consistent a produire des normes generales de rang legislatif, sans pour autant caracteriser une fonction analogue a celle du parlement.