Le concept de sécurité alimentaire mondiale en droit international
Institution:
Paris 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The concept of world food security has radically modified the international society's approach of world hunger. Before 1970, the problem was essentially dealt with in a "huminitarian" perspective within an interstate framework. With the world food crisis, it became necessary to formulate this concept. To-day, world food security is both a global concept (1st part) and an operational one (2nd part). - as a global concept, it has two main sources of inspiration : the human right to adequate food and the fao's technical approach - the international engagement on world food security (1973) and the plan of action (1978) - the concept was further enriched within the nieo framework. The broadened concept proposed by the fao's d. G in 1983, finds both its unity and universal consecration in the world food security compact (1985). Its broad institutional context raises however the complex issue of coordination. - as an operational concept, the actions aiming at its achievment have been deve- loping both at the universal and regional levels. At the universal level, the w. F. C's concept of "national food strategies" appear as the cornerstone of self-determination and as the "condition" of an increased and better coordinated international financial and technical assistance. The world food security concerns food deficit states and populations and mankind as a whole.
Abstract FR:
Le concept de securite alimentaire mondiale a modifie radicalement la facon dont la societe internationale prend en charge le probleme de la faim. Avant l'emergence du concept, le probleme etait essentiellement traite, de facon ponctuelle, dans un cadre interetatique et dans une perspective "humanitaire". Il a fallu la crise alimentaire pour que ce concept soit formule. Aujourd'hui, la securite alimentaire mondiale se presente a la fois comme un concept global (premiere partie) et comme un concept operatoire (deuxieme partie) - en tant que concept global, il trouve une double source d'inspiration : le droit de l'homme a une nourriture suffisante et l'approche technique de la fao - engagement international sur la securite alimentaire mondiale (1973) et - plan d'action en cinq points (1978) - le concept s'est enrichi dans le cadre du noei. Oeuvre de la fao, la conception elargie trouve a la fois son unite et sa consecra- tion universelle dans "le pacte de la securite alimentaire mondiale" (1985). Le vaste contexte institutionnel, dans lequel s'inscrit le concept, pose le probleme complexe de la coordination. - en tant que concept operatoire, les actions visant sa realisation se sont deve- loppees a la fois au niveau universel et au niveau regional. Au plan universel, la definition de "strategies alimentaires nationales" (cma), dimension alimentaire de l'autodetermination, apparait comme une "condition" d'une assistance technique et financiere internationale accrue et coordonnee.