Contribution a une definition de la notion d'usager en droit administratif francais
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Abstract EN:
The notion of "user", in its legal system, has aroused great attention, but its definition has not really been taken into consideration. This study fits in this vacant space by bringing out a unitary definition of the user whether he uses a public service or public work. Thus, whereas it is a matter of doctrine to consider that the user of a public service and the user of public work are merely similar notions, we will demonstrate that these concepts are land out on identical bases even if their legal systems are different and factors of heterogeneity. So do so this thesis starts with the doctrinal definition of the user of public service, that is to say, the existence of a usage and therefore, the benefit of a prestation derived from a public sector activity. Then, il checks how these criteria can apply to the user of public work. In the first part, the study proves the importance of the notion of usage in the autonomy of the notion of user as opposed to other qualities such as the third party, the participant or the occasional associate in the public service. Il also proves that the characteristics of the usage have no effect on the user ; il can be either free or not, lawful or not, normal or not, usual or not, voluntary or not. In the second part, this thesis first give a definition of the notion of prestation in both national law and community law. Then, it shows the importance of this criterian in the cohesion of the notion of user. As a matter of fact, the prestation makes it possible to distinguish the user from the person in the administration, while defining the relative concept of user of the administration. As to the customer of the public service, it is not allowed to substitute him for the user because of his slight legal density. At least, the thesis reveals that the demand for a prestation forbids the qualification of the user of undeveloped public property or the user of public work.
Abstract FR:
Si le regime juridique de la notion d'usager a fait l'objet de la plus grande des attentions, il est fait peu d'egards de sa definition. La presente etude s'inscrit dans cet espace laisse vacant, en degageant une definition unitaire de l'usager, que celui-ci utilise un service public ou un ouvrage public. Ainsi, alors que la doctrine considere qu'usager du service public et usager de l'ouvrage public sont des notions simplement voisines, on demontrera au contraire que ces concepts sont construits sur des fondements identiques, quand bien meme leurs regimes juridiques sont differents et facteurs d'heterogeneite. Pour ce faire, la these part de la definition doctrinale du seul usager du service public, a savoir existence d'un usage et benefice a cette occasion d'une prestation emanant d'une activite de service public. Puis, elle verifie l'applicabilite de ces criteres a l'usager de l'ouvrage public. Dans une premiere partie, l'etude demontre l'importance de la notion d'usage dans l'autonomie de la notion d'usager face a d'autres qualites comme le tiers, le participant ou le collaborateur occasionnel du service public. Elle prouve egalement l'absence d'incidence des caracteres de l'usage qui peut indifferemment etre gratuit ou non, licite ou non, normal ou non, habituel ou non, volontaire ou non, sur la qualite d'usager. Dans une seconde partie, la these definit d'abord la notion de prestation tant en droit national qu'en droit communautaire. Puis, elle montre l'importance de ce critere dans la cohesion de la notion d'usager. La prestation permet en effet de distinguer l'usager de l'administre tout en relativisant le concept d'usager de l'administration. Quant au client de service public, la faiblesse de sa densite juridique interdit de le substituer a l'usager. Enfin, la these revele que l'exigence d'une prestation interdit la qualification d'usager du domaine public non amenage ou d'usager du travail public.