Liberte d'expression et nouvelles technologies de communication
Institution:
Paris 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Freedom of expression stretches with cable, satellite and data but this extension is limited. If men can set up facilities to broadcast programs and messages, they need to be authorized by three authorities: cncl, p&t, mayor. Some messages are submitted to specific principles. Furthermore, the receiver can receive a lot of messages. In any cases, this right has to be precise and never become a right to receive. When we examine the counterpart of the right, the obligations of services as respect of the pluralism or respect of the other rights, it prove that new technologies are specifical, notably editorial responsabilities are not very effective because it is difficult to distinguish between audiovisual communication and private "correspondence" the duty of the french state has not been modified by the development of new technolo gies. The legislator and the government has only to compensate somebody for torts in strict conditions of special prejudice. The independant authority (cncl) which is a state organ share this limited responsability but is, in the same time, under the effects of its appartenance. Liberty of expression is larger now but it is necessary to dicern among services, radio and tv and new services. So, it is difficult to recognize a real statute for the new services and an absolute freedom, because laws main tain inexplicit definition.
Abstract FR:
La liberte d'expression dont la libre communication par les nouvelles technologies est l'une des formes, connait un elargissement relatif qui se traduit par une possibilite d'acces aux services nes du cable, du satellite, de la telematique etendue mais toujours soumise a autorisation. La liberte de programmation est plus grande pour les services prives tandis que la categorisation des services limite celle des organismes du secteur public. Par ailleurs, certaines categories de programmes ont un regime juridique particulier (publicite, cinema). Enfin, le recepteur peut desormais recevoir une multitude de messages, beneficiant d'une liberte d'installation qui est toutefois encore soumise a un regime d'autorisations multiples; cette liberte n'aboutit jamais a la creation d'un droit a la reception. En contrepartie de cet elargissement relatif, les obligations des emetteurs telles le pluralisme interne, le respect des droits d'autrui, montrent une inadaptation aux specificites presentees par les nouvelles technologies, en particulier en ce qui concerne la responsabilite editoriale. Quant a l'etat, sa responsabilite n'a pas ete modifiee par l'apparition des nouvelles technologies et ne peut etre engagee que dans les conditions de droit commun. De meme, l'autorite administrative independante, partie integrante de l'etat beneficie de cette reponsabilite limitee et subit les effets de son appartenance. La liberte d'expression est donc elargies mais demeurent des obscurites quant a certains services qui proviennent d'une absence de definitions suffisantes.