L'organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) et l'évolution du droit international de l'économie et de l'environnement
Institution:
Paris 1Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
This thesis demonstrates that the organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd), which is an industrialised market economy countries' cooperation forum, adopts rules and principles which become global. In its first part, the author presents the context which lead to the creation of the oecd, as well as the objectives, the means of action and the scope of the organisation's normative power. This presentation is completed by a description of the decision process and the participants to this process and lists the elements which reinforces the oecd normative influence capacity. The second part focuses on the content of oecd rules and principles as well as their influence on the evolution of international economic and environment law. It is shown that the oecd rules and principles either: reinforce the commitments taken by its member states in global forum (gatt, imf, un), cover issues which had not been solved in global forum (ln, un, unctad), or deals with new phenomenon which had not yet been discussed at a global level). The influence of the oecd rules and principles has been achieved through different means. When faced with developing countries' oppositions, member states managed to extend oecd rules and principles through common positions expressed in global organisations (unctad, ilo, un, gatt). Oecd rules and principles have recently gained influence after the end of cold war, the reduction of requests made by developing countries and the globalization of the economy. This phenomenon is applicable not only in technical matters but also in economic fields.
Abstract FR:
Cette these tente a demontrer que l'organisation de cooperation et de developpement economiques (ocde), lieu de cooperation des pays industrialises a economie de marche, genere des principes et normes juridiques qui ont vocation a se mondialiser. Dans sa premiere partie, l'auteur presente le contexte historique ayant mene a la creation de l'ocde ainsi que les objectifs, les moyens d7action et l'etendue du pouvoir normatif de cette organisation. Il puise de cette presentation, completee par celle du processus de decision et des participants a ce processus, les elements qui renforcent sa capacite d'influence normative. La seconde partie etudie le contenu materiel des normes de l'ocde ainsi que leur impact sur l'evolution du droit international de l'economie et de l'environnement. Il est demontre que les normes et principes de l'ocde renforcent les engagements pris par les pays membres dans des forums mondiaux (gatt, fmi, onu), achevent, en raison de l'homogeneite des membres, des accords qui n'ont pu aboutir dans d'autres forums mondiaux (sdn, onu, cnuced), ou abordent des phenomenes nouveaux, non encore discutes au niveau mondial. La diffusi0n des principes et normes de l'ocde s'est realisee de diverses facons. Face aux revendication des pays en developpement, l'action concertes des pays membres de l'ocde dans des organisations mondiales (cnuced, oit, onu, gatt) a permis d'etendre certains principes et normes de l'ocde. Toutefois, la fin de la guerre froide, l'essouflement des revendications des pays en developpement et la mondialisation de l'economie favorisent la propagation du modele ocde non seulement en matiere technique mais egalement economique.