L'autonomie du droit de la psychiatrie
Institution:
Paris 11Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
Psychiatry is a medical discipline which, over the last few years, has taken on particular importance in the matter of ethics and the human rights. Despite, the existence of classifications, notably international and american, mental illness is difficult to define. The criteria change from one epoch to another. At the present time, it has been demonstrated that the majority of psychic disorders are genetic and or environmental, that is to say, related to the seasons, to nutrition, to cultural, family and social structures. At a time, when humanity is seeking to "control living matter", precise rule must be imposed in order to respect the fundamental rights of mentally ill patients, people who are vulnerable in the field of health. In the framework of the psychiatric contract, a synallagmatic contract, health professionals (individuals or legal entities) must fulfill certain obligations with respect to mentally ill patients with the threat of seeing their disciplinary, civil, penal or administrative responsibility engaged. The mentally ill patient, for his part, civilly responsible for his acts, can also be recognized penally responsible, unless it can be shown that at the moment in question he was suffering from a psychic disorder which altered his judgment. All these principles are dispersed throughout several branches of french law and, taken together, permit the recognition of a truly autonomous psychiatric law.
Abstract FR:
La psychiatrie est une discipline medicale qui a pris une importance particuliere ces dernieres annees en matiere d'ethique et de droits de l'homme. Malgre l'existence de classifications, internationale et americaine notamment, la maladie mentale est difficile a definir. Les criteres changent d'une epoque a l'autre. Il est aujourd'hui demontre que la majorite des souffrances psychiques sont genetiques et ou environ-nementales, c'est-a-dire liees aux saisons, a l'alimentation, aux structures culturelles, familiales ou sociales. A l'heure ou l'homme cherche a "maitriser le vivant", des regles precises s'imposent afin de respecter les droits fondamentaux des malades mentaux, personnes vulnerables dans le domaine de la sante. Dans le cadre du contrat psychiatrique, contrat synallagmatique, les professionnels de sante (personnes physiques et personne morales) doivent remplir certaines obligations vis-a-vis des malades mentaux, sous peine de voir leur respnsabilite disciplinaire, civile, penale ou administrative engagee. De son cote, le malade mental, civilement responsable de ses actes, peut egalement etre reconnu penalement responsable, sauf a demontrer qu'il est atteint au moment des faits d'un trouble psychique ayant altere son discernement. Tous ces principes sont disperses au sein de plusieurs branches de notre droit francais (droit administratif, droit civil , droit penal, droit de la sante, droit de la securite sociale) et permettent, une fois regroupes, de reconnaitre l'existence d'un droit autonome de la psychiatrie.