Les relations entre l'union europeenne et l'amerique latine
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Abstract EN:
The relations between the european union and latin america have been significantly intensified since the end of the 1980s. They are structured around three legal axis: the contractual relations, the autonomous co-operation, the political relations. As far as contractual relations are concerned, three generations of agreements have followed one another. The aim of the third generation agreements is to reinforce the co-operation in all spheres of mutual interest. Their salient features are the presence of a "democratic clause" which subordinates the co-operation to the respect of human rights and democracy, and of an "evolving clause" which allows the parties to extend their co-operation according to their needs. In order to implement this co-operation, many innovating instuments have been created in the sphere of the commercial and economic co-operation, and so as to promots regional integration and a human and durable development. This co-operation is financed by the general budget of the comunity, but the amounts are low in spite of a recent increase. The european investment bank has nevertheless been authorized in 1991 to finance projects in latin america. This offers to it new financial resources which are qualitatively most appreciable. At last, a global dialogue has been institutionnalized, which directly comes from the rapprochement of the two continents and which aims at resolving both political and economic problems of the latin american countries.
Abstract FR:
Les relations entre l'union europeenne et l'amerique latine se sont nettement intensifiees depuis la fin des annees 1980. Elles sont aujourd'hui structurees autour de trois axes juridiques : les relations conventionnelles, la cooperation autonome, les relations politiques. Sur le plan des relations conventionnelles, trois generations d'accords se sont succedees. Les accords de troisieme generation ont pour objet de renforcer la cooperation dans tous les domaines d'interet commun. Ils se caracterisent par la presence d'une clause democratique qui subordonne la cooperation au respect des droits de l'homme et des principes democratiques, et d'une clause evolutive qui permet aux parties d'etendre leur cooperation au gre de leurs besoins. Afin de mettre en oeuvre cette cooperation, des instruments multiples et tres novateurs ont progressivement ete crees dans les domaines de la cooperation commerciale, economique, de meme que pour promouvoir l'integration regionale et un developpement humain et durable. Cette cooperation est financee par le budget general de la communaute, mais les montants demeurent limites malgre une recente hausse. La banque europeenne d'investissement a toutefois ete autorisee en 1991 a financer des projets dans les pays d'amerique latine et d'asie, ce qui leur offre de nouvelle ressources financieres qualitativement tres appreciables. Enfin, le rapprochement de la communaute et de l'amerique latine s'est traduit par le developpement de dialogues globaux institutionnalises visant a resoudre tant les problemes politiques qu'economiques des pays latino-americains.