thesis

La marine de commerce française : évolution economique et stratégique des origines à nos jours

Defense date:

Jan. 1, 1998

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Institution:

Nice

Disciplines:

Directors:

Abstract EN:

The sea has always been an obstacle; in order to overcome this obstacle, men, for ages, have invented floating devices. Technical progress has kept improving the reliability of ships , so the sea has become a means of communication between men but also a battle field. The french state has played a non-negligible part , spurred on by the mercantilist thought ; a merchant navy and colonies go hand in hand. All along the 19 th century , the liberal theory , both slows down the development of the state and increase competition. When colonial imperialism appears , then the merchant navy finds it profitable. If , in the first half of the 20 th century , the keynesian theory has led to the reinforcement of the role of the state , the liberal theory that then followed, gave birth to structural changes, that are still pelt by the french merchant navy : free registration flags tend to replace national flags. The "zero option" hypothesis - the end ofships flying the french flag - has been mentioned, concerning the french navy. Are we now witnessing the advent of a multinational merchant navy ?

Abstract FR:

La mer est un obstacle : pour surmonter cet obstacle, les hommes inventent, depuis des millénaires, des engins flottants. Le progrès technique permettant d'améliorer la qualité des navires, la mer devient un moyen de communication entre les hommes mais aussi un champ de bataille. L'Etat français joue un rôle important, sous l'impulsion de la pensée mercantiliste : marine et colonies vont de pair. Pendant le xix siècle, la théorie libérale, si elle freine le développement de l'Etat, accroit la concurrence : nait l'impérialisme colonial, la marine en tire profit. Si, dans la premiere moitié du xx siècle, la théorie keynesienne pousse au renforcement du rôle de l'Etat, la théorie libérale qui lui succède suscite des modifications structurelles ressenties, en particulier, par la marine francaise : les "pavillons de libre immatriculation" tendent à remplacer les "pavillons nationaux". "L'option zéro" est evoquée pour la marine francaise à "pavillon national. Assiste-t-on à la naissance d'une marine multinationale ?