La participation des parlements nationaux a la construction europeenne
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Abstract EN:
The gradual erection of the european union induced the national parliaments to make great sacrifices. The decision powers has been in growing proportions and in a irresistible manner transfer from the members states to the european institutions, notably to the council of ministers. Well, as the national identities continues to have precedence over the european citizenship and that the states'will stays the base of european integration, the relinquishment of national parliaments, without compensation except that to be a simply executant or a liaison agent downstream the european law-making, is a prejudicial situation. Then, two main alternatives are conceivable. Firstly, according to local specificities, the parliaments do one's best their national controls on the european action of their own government this is the way priviligied since the beginning of european construction. This configuration respect the balances defined by the treaties but his principal limit appears clearly : the parliaments cannot be expect too much during unless to make the european law-making power heavy. With regard to the supranational institutions (e. P. , commission, ecb) whose members have the advantage of statutory independance in relation to national authorities, the parliaments are in the situation of pressure groups with this difference that a close cooperation with the ep. Could one day "give birth" to a influent interparliamentary network. Secondly, in a radically reformy point of view, one may imagine to create a organ which could have the objectif to institutionalize the collective will of the parliaments. The problem is precisely that the interets of parliaments don't set apart from the states'interests as they are personified by the council's composition. In any case, the reflection on the national parliaments' function in the european construction is a key element to put answer in the way of resolving the deficit of legitimacy and credibility of the european integration.
Abstract FR:
L'edification progressive de l'union europeenne a conduit les parlements nationaux a faire de grands sacrifices. Les pouvoirs de decision ont ete dans des proportions accrues et d'une facon irresistible transferes des etats aux institutions europeennes, notamment au conseil de ministres. Or, comme les identites nationales priment toujours sur la citoyennete europeenne et que la volonte des etats reste le fondement de l'integration europeenne, le dessaisissement des parlements, sans autre compensation que celle d'etre l'executant ou l'agent de liaison en aval de la procedure europeenne, constitue une situation dangereuse. Deux alternatives sont alors concevables. Premierement, en fonction des specificites locales, les parlements nationaux peuvent renforcer leur controle sur la politique europeenne de leur gouvernement. C'est la la voie choisie depuis le debut de la construction europeenne. Ce schema respecte les equilibres poses par les traites mais sa principale limite apparait clairement : les parlements ne peuvent pas se montrer trop exigeants sauf a alourdir le processus decisionnel europeen. Par rapport aux institutions supranationales (pe, commission, bce) dont les membres jouissent d'un statut d'independance vis-a-vis des autorites nationales, les parlements sont dans la situation des groupes de pression a cette nuance pres qu'une cooperation etroite avec le pe pourrait un jour donner naissance a un reseau interparlementaire influent. Deuxiemement, d'un point de vue radicalement reformiste, on peut imaginer la creation d'un organe qui institutionnaliserait la volonte collective des parlements. Or, le probleme est precisemment que les interets des parlements ne se distinguent pas des interets des etats qui sont personnifies via la composition du conseil. En tout les cas, l'etude sur le role des parlements nationaux dans la construction europeenne est un element cle pour pallier au deficit de legitimite et de credibilite de l'integration europeenne.