La pensée militaire française actuelle et les organismes de recherche
Institution:
Paris 2Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY THINKING HAS OFTEN BEEN MADE UNCERTAIN DUE TO COMBINES EFFECTS OF VARIED OBSTACLES. INSIDE THE ARMY ITSELF THE DIFFICULTY IS HISTORICAL (A LONG TRADITION OF INTELLECTUAL ERRORS) LEGAL TOO (OBLIGATION OF OFFICE) AND SOCIOLOGICAL (SPECIFICITY). PARTIALLY FREED, THE OFFICERS'FREEDOM OF SPEECH REMAINS POOR BECAUSE A STRICT INTERPRETATION OF MILITARY SPECIFICITY WHICH PREVAILS WITHIN THE HIERARCHY. DEFENSE ISSUES DO NOT MEET THE LACK OF INTEREST OF VICILIANS ANY LONGER AS THEY USED TO FORMERLY BUT THEY STILL SUFFER FROM PERSISTENT LACK OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES. THIS SHORTAGE PLUS THE LOSS OF ITS MONOPOLY GUARANTEES, within COLLECTIVE RESEARCH OF DEFENSE, THE SUPREMACY OF OFFICIAL AUTHORITIES WHETHER NEW OR TRADITIONAL AND THE ADVENTITIOUS CENTRIBUTION OF THOSE WHICH ARE NOT YET. FRENCH MILITARY THINKING HAS BORNE SOME SORT OF REVIVAL IN THE EARLY SIXTIES. THIS IS DUE TO THE EVOLUTION OF A STRATEGY IN COMPLETE REFORM AND FAVOURED BY THE POLITICAL CONTEXT OF THE PERIOD. THE REVIVAL IS CONDUCTED BY 3 OFFICERS IT IS GLOBAL IN GENERAL BEAUFRE'S WORK IT IS MORE LIMITED WITH GENERALS PM GALLOIS AND L. POIRIER'S. THEIR WORK IS MOSTLY DEVOTED TO THE NUCLEAR REVOLUTION. THE IDEAS OF THESE TWO GENERALS ARE STILL. THOUGH AT DIFFERENT LEVELS, THE BASIS OF THE CURRENT MILITARY DOCTRINE. THE ADVANTAGE OF THE STRONG OVER THE WEAK. UNCHANGING ON THE MAJOR VALUES YET THERE ARE MORE HESITATIONS AMONG THE DRAFTEES. THE ADVANTAGE OF THE STRONG OVER THE WEAK WILL BE THE MAJOR DISPUTE OVER THE COURSE OF THE FIFTH REPUBLIC. BEING LED BY POLITICAL IDEAS FISRT, THE PARTISANS OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY IN THE WAKE OF THE USA WILL DEFEND THE FORMER. THE LATTER BEING MORE TECHNICAL BUT LESS ABSOLUTE WILL MOBILIZE MOST OF THOSE CLOSE TO ORTHODOXY AND WITH VARIED LEVELS OF ADJUSTMENTS.
Abstract FR:
Les effets cumules d'obstacles de differente nature rendent ordinairement difficile en france l'epanouissement de la pensee militaire. A l(interieur de l'armee l'hypotheque est historique juridique et sociologique. Partiellement liberee, la liberte d'expression des cadres reste insuffisante cependant qu'une interpretation trop stricte de la specificite militaire continue de prevaloir au sein de la hierarchie. Si les questions de defense ne rencontrent plus chez les civils le desinteret de naguere elles se heurtent dans l'ensemble a une faiblesse chronique de ressources financieres. Cette impecuniosite, jointe au caractere recent de la perte de leur monopole, garantit, dans la recherche collective de defense, l'hegemonie des instances officielles et la contribution encore adventice de celles qui ne le sont point. Trois hommes, a l'oree des annees 60, animent le renouveau theorique d'une pensee militaire appele par l'evolution d'une matiere strategique en profond bouleversement et favorise par le contexte politique national. Global dans l'oeuvre du general beaufre le champ d'investigation est plus circonscrit dans celles des generaux pm gallois et l. Poirier, axees principalement sur la revolution nucleaire. Adoptees a des degres variables par le pouvoir politique les idees de ces 2 derniers forment le substrat de l'actuelle doctrine officielle (dissuasion du faible au fort). Immuable sur l'essentiel celle-ci marque davantage d'hesitations sur le contingent. La dissuasion du faible au fort essuiera, tout au long de la 5eme republique 2 types de contestations. Obeissant a des mobiles d'abord politiques les sectateurs de l'otan incarneront la premiere. Plus technique la seconde rassemblera les esprits rallies sous conditions a l'orthodoxie.