L'evolution des rapports parti-etat en algerie. (contribution a l'etude des institutions politiques en algerie)
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Abstract EN:
In algeria the progress of the relationship between party and state has been linked to the evolution of the political regime which has itself gone through three different stages. Indeed the first and third regime having respectively sprung from the constitution of 1963 and 1976 happen to be gouvernments by right, whereas the second regime which resulted from the coup of june 19th 1965, is a goverment established by the force of fact. This legal distinction does have an indicence on the relationship between the party and the state. It can be first described as an instability which gradually achieves balance thanks to the return to the lawful constitution. The 1962 regime which is organically bound to the sole party, the fln (national liberation front), shows a favour for supremacy over the state. As opposed to that, the 1965 regime renouces the constitutional structure of its predecessor and gives and open priority to the building up of the state. The predominance of the latter tendency has resulted in a weakening of the action of the party. The national chart and the constitution of 1976 reassess the ideological hegemony of the party and its political predominance. However, as it lacks the adequate means to support a real action on the political scene, the assessment remains amere petitio principii. The party wwas reorganized and rehabilitated only after the 1979 congress and this is largely due to the return to the legal constitution, thus it has a voided a certain disharmony in the dealings between party and state by introducing the principale of complementarity and coordination between the various authorities of the party and those of the state. In this manner all sorts of prerogative conflicts can be avoided between these two institutions.
Abstract FR:
L'evolution des rapports parti-etat en algerie est liee a l'evolution du regime politique lui-meme qui a traverse trois etapes. En effet, si le premier et le troisieme regime issus respectivement de la constitution de 1963 et de la constitution de 1976 sont des regimes de droit, en revanche, le second regime issu du coup d'etat du 19 juin 1965 est un regime de fait. Cette distinction juridique n'est pas sans incidence sur les rapports entre le parti et l'etat. Ceux-ci se caracterisent d'abord par une instabilite puis par un equilibre realise par le retour a la legalite constitutionnelle. Le regime de 1962, lie organiquement au parti unique du fln prone sa suprematie sur l'etat. En revanche, le regime de 1965 qui rompt avec l'organisation constitutionnelle de son predecesseur accorde manifestement la priorite a la construction de l'etat. La preeminence de ce dernier entraine la mise en veilleuse du parti. La charte nationale et la constitution de 1976 reaffirment l'hegemonie ideologique du parti et sa preeminence politique. Cependant, faute d'etre assortie de moyens indispensables a son inscription dans la realite, cette affirmation reste une simple petition de principe. Ce n'est qu'apres le congres du parti de 1979 que le parti connait une reorgarnisation et une rehabilitation grace au retour a la legalite constitutionnelle qui a par contrecoup realise un certain equilibre dans les rapports parti-etat en instaurant le principe de complementarite et de coordination entre les instances du parti et les organes de l'etat permettant ainsi d'eviter toutes sortes de conflits de prerogatives entre les deux institutions.