La preuve devant le juge administratif
Institution:
Rennes 1Disciplines:
Directors:
Abstract EN:
The problem of the evidence is raised in a very special way in the administrative scope. As justicial precedents underline it, the "actori incumbit probatio" principe exists and applied by the administrative judge. In that field, it is justified by very important arguments. However, the judge often lightens the burden of the evidence, in order to reduce or solve the inequalities of the people involved in the lawsuit. He intervenes in the whole litigation. But it is impossible at all to determine the criteria of his intervention. In that field, it is difficult to have certainties. One can only stress the tendencies resulting from the decisions of the juridictions. Right from the study of the evidence, one can easily see that the judge can widely intervene. That idea is then confirmed and rinforced as far as the search for the evidence is concerned. In that field, the evidence is free : all the means to give evidence are acceptable. The judge evaluates the necessity to order investigation measures as well as the value of the evidence. But his power is not arbitrary. In any case, the judge decides in all conscience.
Abstract FR:
Les questions de la preuve se posent en des termes particuliers en contentieux administratif. Comme le montre la jurisprudence, le principe attribuant au demandeur la charge de la preuve existe et est applique par le juge administratif. Il se recommande meme d'arguments particulierement importants en cette matiere. Cependant, le juge fort de son pouvoir inquisitoire, allege souvent cette charge pour attenuer, voire remedier, a l'inegalite remarquable des parties a l'instance. Il intervient aussi bien dans le contentieux de l'exces de pouvoir que dans celui de pleine juridiction. Mais il est impossible de determiner d'une maniere absolue les criteres de son intervention. En ce domaine, les certitudes sont difficiles. On peut tout au plus souligner les tendances qui resultent des decisions cernant l'administration de la preuve. En matiere administrative, la preuve est libre. Tous les moyens de preuve sont admissibles. C'est le juge qui apprecie l'opportunite des mesures d'instruction ainsi que la valeur des preuves. En fait, il maitrise l'administration de la preuve. Mais son pouvoir n'est pas arbitraire. La procedure administrative contentieuse est inquisitoire et non pas inquisitoriale.