Du contrat de vente au droit de la vente : réflexions de théorie générale sur un contrat spécial
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Abstract EN:
In so far as it is a privileged means in all economic tradings as well as the major medium through which the right of property - when deprived of its individual and absolute character - can be conveyed, it seems that the bill of sale represents a most valuable observation post from which to study the range of changes the process of binding agreements is undergoing nowadays. Despite the ever-asserted principale of the preeminence of individual will "in the notion of contact, as well as under the legal terms of that contract, it turms out that constraint in its most varied aspects affects each element of the sale and inevitably prevails over the will-power of both contracting parties. Thus the determining of the contractual content does not actually belong to the seller or the buyer : indeed, it seems to be more ans more beyond them. In the same way, the very role originally played by the shared consent of the two parties is fading away. As a consequence, the classical theory defining the contractual pro- cess - mosthy based on the notion of consent - is altered to such a point that it becomes necessary to adopt a more objective approach to the notion of contract, as it is widely advocated by an increasing number of authors within the contemporary doctrine. (. . . )
Abstract FR:
Instrument juridique privilegie des echanges economiques, principal moyen du transfert d'un droit de propriete ayant perdu son caractere individuel et absolu, le contrat de vente constitue le meilleur observatoire pour apprecier l'ampleur des motifications affectant, a l'epoque contemporaine, le droit des obligations conventionnelles. En depit du principe toujours reaffirme de la preeminence de la volonte individuelle dans la notion de contrat - et aussi dans le regime juridique de celui-ci- la contrainte, sous les formes les plus diverses, atteint chacun des elements de la vente et refoule la volonte des contractants au second plan. La determination du contenu contractuel echappe ainsi de plus en plus au vendeur comme a l'acheteur. Parallelement, s'estompe le role de la commune volonte dans la conclusion meme de la vente. Il en resulte une telle alteration de la theorie contractuelle classique, principalement fondee sur le consentement, que devient evidente la necessite d'une approche plus objective de la notion de contrat, ain- si que la preconise un nombre croissant d'auteurs au sein de la doctrine contem- poraine. Dans cet esprit, l'objectif de l'ouvrage est de mesurer l'etendue de l'evolution subie par une convention telle que la vente, en vue de la verification experimen- tale de la valeur des nouvelles conceptions doctrinales. (. . . )