Pluralisme juridique et conflits internes de lois en Afrique noire
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Abstract EN:
This work deals with legal pluralism with regard to land ownership successions and conflicts of laws and jurisdictions which it generates in africa notably in the of benin. This question, which, given a state under the rule of an officially standardised legal would not be a matter of any significant concern, becomes particularly interesting in the context of duality of personal and factural statutes. In fact, not is bound to the same personal statute: some are bound to modern statutes, to traditional statutes. The law of inheritance is ruled by two systems of succession with frequently contradicting concepts and regulations. Likewise, the is dualistic: the traditional landlaw system, dominated by collective possession on lineage is opposed to the modern system, founded on individual appropriation (in the sense of the code civil). Indeed, seen internationally, the existence of several systems applied simultaneously, seen domestically, equally engenders internal of interpersonal laws. It is this complex situation which makes land ownership successions a particularly interesting subject. One tries to know if land could be handed by succession in the traditional legal system. Subsequently of interest alsois, what the applicable law for succession, especially in the event of mixed successions? The absence of clear and precise rules for solving such cases by the legislature, the twists of jurisprudence and the doctrinal controversies make all definite responses to questions a little difficult. The present work is concerned with the above problem analysing the legislation, the jurisprudence and also the doctrine, which in the light of results of the research carried out in the area under study, tends to propose some solutions which could primarily serve in bringing about necessary reforms.
Abstract FR:
Ce travail traite du pluralisme juridique en matière de successions foncieres et des conflits de lois et de juridictions qu'il engendre au plan interne en Afrique noire, notamment au Bénin. Cette question, qui, dans un pays de droit officiellement uniformise, serait sans grand interet, devient particulierement interessante dans un contexte de dualite des statuts civils et reels. En effet tous les individus ne sont pas soumis au meme statut personnel : certains sont soumis au statut moderne, d'autres au statut traditionnel. Le droit des successions est regi par deux systemes successoraux avec des concepts et des regles parfois opposes. De meme, le systeme foncier est dualiste : au systeme foncier traditionnel domine par la propriete collective lignagere s'oppose le systeme moderne fonde sur l'appropriation (au sens du code civil) individuelle. En effet, comme au plan iternational, l'existence de plusieurs ordres juridiques d'application simultanee engendre egalement au plan interne des conflits de lois interpersonnels. C'est cette situation complexe qui fait des successions foncieres un sujet particulierement interessant. La question se pose de savoir si, dans l'ordre juridique traditionnel, la terre peut etre transmise par succession. Puis, quelle est la loi applicable a la succession, notamment en cas de successions mixtes ? L'absence de regles de solutions claires et precises chez le legislateur, les meandres de la jurisprudence et les controverses doctrinales rendent toute reponse precise peu aisee. C'est a ce probleme que le present travail, a l'analyse de la legislation, de la jurisprudence et de la doctrine ainsi qu'au vu des resultats de recherches sur le terrain, tente de degager certaines solutions pouvant servir de base a une reforme necessaire.